Young Offenders And Youth Justice A Century After the Fact, 4th Edition by Sandra J. Bell – Test Bank

PREFACE

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The Test Bank for Young Offenders And Youth Justice, A Century After the Fact, fourth edition by Sandra J. Bell has been revised for Canadian students by Nicole Landry, Dalhousie University. This text bank includes 152 Multiple Choice questions. 

The lines below each question provide additional information on each question: 

ANS Correct answer

PTS Number of points assigned to a question
REF Page reference in the textbook

BLM Bloom Category:  Higher order or Remember 

The Test Bank questions are categorized by Bloom Category (BLM) in order to assist instructors in assessing higher-order cognitive skills. 

Chapter 1: The Rise and Fall of Delinquency

MULTIPLE CHOICE

Websites for Additional Information

http://www.cbc.ca/news/background/crime/youthcrime_timeline.html – an excellent example of how the media exaggerates and decontextualizes youth violence. 

1. Which of the following is MOST significant to those who study “the politics of youth crime”? 

a. Parliamentary discussions surrounding youth crime and justice reform. 

b. Political parties’ positions on young offenders and juvenile justice. 

c. Public concerns about the effectiveness of the youth justice system.

d. The amount of coverage devoted to youth crime in the media and public discourse. 

ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 3 BLM: Remember

2. What did the “law-and-order” proponents of the 1995 Reform of the YOA argue?

a. That the YOA was effectively controlling youth crime. 

b. That economic, social, and political realities required examination. 

c. That both youth and the YOA were problems.

d. That offending youth should not be identified.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 5 – 6  BLM: Remember

3. During the 19^th century, at what age were children exempt from the law because it was believed they were “unable to distinguish right from wrong”?

a. 7

b. 12

c. 13

d. 14

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 19 BLM: Remember

4. According to the text, what do crime statistics as far back as 1885 indicate about youth involvement in criminal activity?

a. They were never involved in criminal activity until after WWII.

b. They have always been involved in criminal activity; including serious violent crimes. 

c. They were never involved in criminal activity to the same extent as adults until after the YOA was implemented.

d. They have always been involved in criminal activity, but did not become involved in violent crime until after the YOA was implemented.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 9 BLM: Remember

5. Which of the following most accurately describes how youth crime has changed over the last 200 years in Canada?

a. Nothing has changed.

b. There are higher numbers of youth involved in crime today than in the past.

c. The public’s perceptions, definitions and responses to youth crime have changed.  

d. Gang delinquency has become more prevalent in many urban areas of Canada. 

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 22 – 29 BLM: Higher Order

6. According to the text, which of the following is the best explanation for the increase in youth crime reported in Canada over time?

a. Rapid decreases in overall population.

b. The creation of the juvenile justice system.

c. Decreases in crime prevention activities, such as policing. 

d. Changes in delinquent and criminal behaviour among the youth population.

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 25 – 26  BLM: Higher Order

7. Who argued that there is little difference between a neglected child and a delinquent one? 

a. social workers

b. Victorian reformers

c. Colonial administrators

d. law and order lobbyists 

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 19 BLM: Remember

8. In criminology, what common term refers to the public’s fear and moral indignation surrounding youth crime?

a. moral panic

b. the aging effect

c. a self-fulfilling prophecy

d. a logical response to “out of control” youth

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 26 BLM: Remember

9. According to the text, how do most Canadians perceive youth who commit crimes?

a. Youth offenders are in need of care and guidance.

b. Youth offenders need to be held “responsible” for their criminal behaviour. 

c. Youth offenders should be treated differently from adult offenders. 

d. Youth offenders are no worse than in other periods of history. 

ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 31 BLM: Remember

10. According to the text, which of the following statements best describes how youth crime is studied using a sociological perspective?

a. An examination of criminal behaviour, crime trends, and statistics.

b. An examination of the individual’s history, family, school, and neighbourhood. 

c. An examination of structural, demographic, and political factors.

d. An examination of the criminal justice system.

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 25  BLM: Remember

11.  According to the text, which of the following “myths” about youth crime is actually true?

a. the myth of the good old days

b. the myth that nothing changes

c. the myth of progress

d. the myth of “innocent childhood”

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 22–25 BLM: Remember

12. Which of the following best describes how youth crime was viewed in the colonial era? 

a. as a matter of “neglectful or immoral parents”

b. the result of a rapid increase in the population  

c. an issue of “overindulgent parents”

d. an issue that demanded more police and stiffer penalties for criminal youth

ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 11–13, 15–18  BLM: Remember

13. What was the initial mandate of the original humane societies in Canada?

a. animal cruelty

b. child protection laws

c. neglected women and children

d. reform of the juvenile justice system

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 19 BLM: Remember

14. How was youth crime viewed in the Victorian era? 

a. an issue of morality 

b. a problem caused by immigration 

c. a result of children and youths’ marginalized status in society

d. caused by the freedom and independence of young people in the New World

ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 11–13, 15–18     BLM: Remember