Wongs Essentials Of Pediatric Nursing 10th Edition Hockenberry Test Bank

Chapter 02: Family, Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Child Health
Promotion
Hockenberry: Wong’s Essentials of Pediatric Nursing, 10th Edition
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A nurse is selecting a family theory to assess a patient’s family dynamics. Which family
theory best describes a series of tasks for the family throughout its life span?
a. Interactional theory
b. Developmental systems theory
c. Structural-functional theory
d. Duvall’s developmental theory
ANS: D
Duvall’s developmental theory describes eight developmental tasks of the family throughout
its life span. Interactional theory and structural-functional theory are not family theories.
Developmental systems theory is an outgrowth of Duvall’s theory. The family is described as
a small group, a semiclosed system of personalities that interact with the larger cultural
system. Changes do not occur in one part of the family without changes in others.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 17
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
2. Which family theory explains how families react to stressful events and suggests factors that
promote adaptation to these events?
a. Interactional theory
b. Developmental systems theory
c. Family stress theory
d. Duvall’s developmental theory
ANS: C
Family stress theory explains the reaction of families to stressful events. In addition, the
theory helps suggest factors that promote adaptation to the stress. Stressors, both positive and
negative, are cumulative and affect the family. Adaptation requires a change in family
structure or interaction. Interactional theory is not a family theory. Interactions are the basis of
general systems theory. Developmental systems theory is an outgrowth of Duvall’s theory.
The family is described as a small group, a semiclosed system of personalities that interact
with the larger cultural system. Changes do not occur in one part of the family without
changes in others. Duvall’s developmental theory describes eight developmental tasks of the
family throughout its life span.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 16
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
3. Which is the term for a family in which the paternal grandmother, the parents, and two minor
children live together?
a. Blended
b. Nuclear
c. Binuclear
d. Extended
ANS: D
An extended family contains at least one parent, one or more children, and one or more
members (related or unrelated) other than a parent or sibling. A blended family contains at
least one stepparent, step-sibling, or half-sibling. The nuclear family consists of two parents
and their children. No other relatives or nonrelatives are present in the household. In binuclear
families, parents continue the parenting role while terminating the spousal unit. For example,
when joint custody is assigned by the court, each parent has equal rights and responsibilities
for the minor child or children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 18
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
4. A nurse is assessing a family’s structure. Which describes a family in which a mother, her
children, and a stepfather live together?
a. Blended
b. Nuclear
c. Binuclear
d. Extended
ANS: A
A blended family contains at least one stepparent, step-sibling, or half-sibling. The nuclear
family consists of two parents and their children. No other relatives or nonrelatives are present
in the household. In binuclear families, parents continue the parenting role while terminating
the spousal unit. For example, when joint custody is assigned by the court, each parent has
equal rights and responsibilities for the minor child or children. An extended family contains
at least one parent, one or more children, and one or more members (related or unrelated)
other than a parent or sibling.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 18
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Assessment
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
5. Parents of a firstborn child are asking whether it is normal for their child to be extremely
competitive. The nurse should respond to the parents that studies about the ordinal position of
children suggest that firstborn children tend to:
a. be praised less often.
b. be more achievement oriented.
c. be more popular with the peer group.
d. identify with peer group more than parents.
ANS: B
Firstborn children, like only children, tend to be more achievement oriented. Being praised
less often, being more popular with the peer group, and identifying with peer groups more
than parents are characteristics of later-born children.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 29
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Implementation
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
6. The nurse is teaching a group of new parents about the experience of role transition. Which
statement by a parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching?
a. “My marital relationship can have a positive or negative effect on the role
transition.”
b. “If an infant has special care needs, the parents’ sense of confidence in their new
role is strengthened.”
c. “Young parents can adjust to the new role easier than older parents.”
d. “A parent’s previous experience with children makes the role transition more
difficult.”
ANS: A
If parents are supportive of each other, they can serve as positive influences on establishing
satisfying parental roles. When marital tensions alter caregiving routines and interfere with the
enjoyment of the infant, then the marital relationship has a negative effect. Infants with
special care needs can be a significant source of added stress. Older parents are usually more
able to cope with the greater financial responsibilities, changes in sleeping habits, and reduced
time for each other and other children. Parents who have previous experience with parenting
appear more relaxed, have less conflict in disciplinary relationships, and are more aware of
normal growth and development.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 17
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Evaluation
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
7. When assessing a family, the nurse determines that the parents exert little or no control over
their children. What is this style of parenting called?
a. Permissive
b. Dictatorial
c. Democratic
d. Authoritarian
ANS: A
Permissive parents avoid imposing their own standards of conduct and allow their children to
regulate their own activity as much as possible. The parents exert little or no control over their
children’s actions. Dictatorial or authoritarian parents attempt to control their children’s
behavior and attitudes through unquestioned mandates. They establish rules and regulations or
standards of conduct that they expect to be followed rigidly and unquestioningly. Democratic
parents combine permissive and dictatorial styles. They direct their children’s behavior and
attitudes by emphasizing the reasons for rules and negatively reinforcing deviations. They
respect the child’s individual nature.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Remember REF: p. 20
TOP: Integrated Process: Nursing Process: Diagnosis
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
8. When discussing discipline with the mother of a 4-year-old child, the nurse should include
which instruction?
a. Children as young as 4 years old rarely need to be punished.
b. Parental control should be consistent.
c. Withdrawal of love and approval is effective at this age.
d. One should expect rules to be followed rigidly and unquestioningly.
ANS: B
For effective discipline, parents must be consistent and must follow through with agreed-on
actions. Realistic goals should be set for this age group. Parents should structure the
environment to prevent unnecessary difficulties. Requests for behavior change should be
phrased in a positive manner to provide direction for the child. Withdrawal of love and
approval is never appropriate or effective. Discipline strategies should be appropriate to the
child’s age, temperament, and severity of the misbehavior. Following rules rigidly and
unquestioningly is beyond the developmental capabilities of a 4-year-old.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply REF: p. 20
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
9. Which is most characteristic of the physical punishment of children, such as spanking?
a. Psychological impact is usually minimal.
b. Children rarely become accustomed to spanking.
c. Children’s development of reasoning increases.
d. Misbehavior is likely to occur when parents are not present.
ANS: D
Through the use of physical punishment, children learn what they should not do. When
parents are not around, it is more likely that children will misbehave because they have not
learned to behave well for their own sake, but rather out of fear of punishment. Spanking can
cause severe physical and psychological injury and interfere with effective parent-child
interaction. Children do become accustomed to spanking, requiring more severe corporal
punishment each time. The use of corporal punishment may interfere with the child’s
development of moral reasoning.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 20
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
10. A 3-year-old girl was adopted immediately after birth. The parents have just asked the nurse
how they should tell the child that she is adopted. Which guidelines concerning adoption
should the nurse use in planning a response?
a. Telling the child is an important aspect of their parental responsibilities.
b. The best time to tell the child is between ages 7 and 10 years.
c. It is not necessary to tell the child who was adopted so young.
d. It is best to wait until the child asks about it.
ANS: A
It is important for the parents not to withhold information about the adoption from the child. It
is an essential component of the child’s identity. There is no recommended best time to tell
children. It is believed that children should be told young enough so they do not remember a
time when they did not know. It should be done before the children enter school to keep third
parties from telling the children before the parents have had the opportunity.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand REF: p. 22
TOP: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning
MSC: Area of Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
11. A parent of a school-age child is going through a divorce. The parent