Vanders Human Physiology The Mechanisms of Body Function 12th Edition By Widmaier – Test Bank

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Vanders Human Physiology The Mechanisms of Body Function 12th Edition By Widmaier – Test Bank

Chapter 02 Chemical Composition of the Body

  Multiple Choice Questions

1. In an atom, the number of
A. Protons always equals the number of neutrons
B. Of protons always equals the number of electrons
C. Of neutrons always equals the number of electrons
D. Both protons always equals the number of neutrons and of protons always equals the number of electrons are correct
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry

2.  An atom’s identity is directly determined by
A.  The number of electrons it has
B.  The number of neutrons it has
C.  The number of protons it has
D.  The number of bonds it can form
E.  Its atomic weight 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry

3. Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes. They differ in the number of
A. Protons
B. Neutrons
C. Electrons
D. Chemical bonds they can form
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry

4.  A covalent bond between two atoms is
A.  Formed when each atom shares one of its inner-orbit electrons with the other atom
B.  Formed when each atom shares one of its outer-orbit electrons with the other atom
C.  The strongest of the chemical bonds
D.  Formed when each atom shares one of its inner-orbit electrons with the other atom and the strongest of the chemical bonds
E.  Formed when each atom shares one of its outer-orbit electrons with the other atom and the strongest of the chemical bonds 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry

5. Ions are
A. Electrically neutral
B. Electrically charged
C. Formed by the gain or loss of protons from the nucleus
D. Electrically charged and formed by the gain or loss of protons from the nucleus
E. None of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry

6. When magnesium loses electrons to become an ion it forms
A. A covalent bond
B. A cation
C. An anion
D. A new element

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry

7. If a sports beverage advertises that it replaces the body’s electrolytes, it will replace
A. Sugars that were broken down for energy
B. Ionic forms of mineral elements
C. Lipids that form the membranes of cells
D. Oxygen and gases used by metabolism
E. Vitamins

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry

8. Of the major ions in the body, the only one that carries a negative charge is
A. Chloride
B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Hydrogen
E. Calcium

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry

9. Free radicals
A. React rapidly with other atoms
B. Include hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide
C. Contain two electrons in the outermost orbital
D. React rapidly with other atoms and include hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide are correct
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry

10. If a free radical reacts with another molecule the free radical will
A. Remove electrons from the other molecule
B. Form an unbreakable bond with the other molecule
C. Remove protons from the other molecule
D. Stabilize the other molecule
E. None of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry

11. Electrolytes
A. Are ions
B. Conduct electricity when dissolved in water
C. Are found in pure water
D. Both are ions and conduct electricity when dissolved in water are correct
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.01
Topic: Chemistry

12. Which of the following is not true of a polar chemical bond?
A. It is covalent
B. It is ionized
C. It has opposite electrical charge at each end
D. It has no net electrical charge
E. None of the choices are false

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry

13. A polar molecule
A. Contains a significant proportion of polar bonds relative to nonpolar bonds
B. May contain ionized groups
C. Can form hydrogen bonds with other polar molecules
D. Contains a significant proportion of polar bonds relative to nonpolar bonds and may contain ionized groups are correct
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.02
Topic: Chemistry

14. Hydrolysis
A. Involves removal of water molecules from larger molecules
B. Involves breaking of covalent bonds within water molecules and transfer of the resulting ions to other molecules
C. Results in the breakdown of large molecules in the body
D. Both involves removal of water molecules from larger molecules and involves breaking of covalent bonds within water molecules and transfer of the resulting ions to other molecules are correct
E. Both involves breaking of covalent bonds within water molecules and transfer of the resulting ions to other molecules and results in the breakdown of large molecules in the body are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry

15.  Consider the adage familiar to anyone who has observed oil spills in the ocean or has made a salad dressing: “Oil and water do not mix.” Which of the following helps explain this observation?
A.  Oil is hydrophobic
B.  Oil is nonpolar
C.  Oil is composed largely of carbon and hydrogen
D.  Water is hydrophilic
E.  All of the choices are correct 

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry

16. Molecules that have properties of both polar and nonpolar molecules are called
A. Hydrophobic
B. Hydrophilic
C. Amphipathic
D. All of the choices are correct
E. None of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry

17. Compounds A, B and C have molecular weights of 10, 50 and 100 respectively. If 5 grams of each compound were put into 1 liter of water, which compound will have the greatest molar concentration?
A. Compound A
B. Compound B
C. Compound C
D. All will have the same molar concentration

Bloom’s Level: 3. Apply
Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry

18.  The pH of a solution
A.  Is a measure of the concentration of H atoms in solution
B.  Is a measure of the concentration of bound H⁺ ions in solution
C.  Is a measure of the concentration of free H⁺ ions in solution
D.  Increases as the acidity of the solution increases
E.  Both is a measure of the concentration of free H⁺ ions in solution and increases as the acidity of the solution increases are correct 

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry

19. Most of the body weight of an average young adult male is
A. Water
B. Protein
C. Minerals
D. Lipids
E. Carbohydrates

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.03
Topic: Chemistry

20. Organic molecules
A. Always contain oxygen
B. Always contain carbon
C. Are always macromolecules
D. Both always contain oxygen and always contain carbon are correct
E. Both always contain carbon and are always macromolecules are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry

21. Carbohydrates are
A. Composed of equal parts of C atoms and water molecules
B. The major organic molecules of the body
C. Nonpolar
D. Composed of equal parts of C atoms and water molecules and the major organic molecules of the body
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry

22. Glucose is a
A. Monosaccharide
B. Disaccharide
C. Polysaccharide
D. Glycoprotein
E. Phospholipid

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry

23. Carbohydrates are stored in the liver and muscles in the form of
A. Cellulose
B. Starch
C. Triacylglycerol
D. Glycogen
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry

24. Relative to carbohydrates, lipids
A. Contain fewer carbon atoms per molecule
B. Contain fewer oxygen atoms per molecule
C. Are more hydrophilic
D. Are less abundant in the body

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understand
Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry

25. Which of the following lipids have regulatory roles in the body?
A. Steroids
B. Eicosanoids
C. Triacylglycerols
D. Both steroids and eicosanoids are correct
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remember
Section 2.04
Topic: Chemistry