Understanding Anatomy and Physiology A Visual Auditory Interactive Approach 2nd Edition By Thompson RN – Test Bank

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Understanding Anatomy and Physiology A Visual Auditory Interactive Approach 2nd Edition By Thompson RN – Test Bank

Chapter 3: Cells

MATCHING

Match the name of each cell part with its structure or function.

a.	plasma membrane	g.	nucleolus
b.	nucleus	h.	Golgi apparatus
c.	cytoplasm	i.	centrioles
d.	nuclear envelope	j.	lysosomes
e.	nuclear pores	k.	mitochondria
f.	chromatin	l.	cytoskeleton

1.The supporting framework of the cell

2.Known as cellular garbage disposals

3.The center of the cell

4.Double-layered membrane around the nucleus

5.Play a role in cell division

6.Cell’s “powerhouses”

7.Processes proteins and packages them for export to other parts of the cell

8.Threadlike structures composed of DNA and protein

9.Regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the nucleus

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Match each cellular transport process with its description.

a.	diffusion	e.	active transport pump
b.	osmosis	f.	phagocytosis
c.	filtration	g.	pinocytosis
d.	facilitated diffusion	h.	exocytosis

10.Large particles are trapped in a portion of the plasma membrane and brought into the cell

11.Water diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of lower concentration of solute to an area of a high concentration of solute

12.Particles are pumped from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration by an energy-consuming structure in the plasma membrane

13.Particles move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

14.Water and solutes move through a selectively permeable membrane as a result of hydrostatic pressure

15.Cell products move out of a cell when a secretory vesicle containing these products fuses with the plasma membrane

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MULTIPLE CHOICE

16.Which statement about the plasma membrane is true?

a.	Phospholipids in the plasma membrane are stationary.
b.	Cholesterol helps keep the plasma membrane pliable.
c.	Proteins embedded in the cell wall act as channels.
d.	The plasma membrane forms a barrier to prevent the infusion of water and solutes.

ANS: C

Phospholipids slowly move, keeping the membrane fluid. Cholesterol helps stiffen and strengthen the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable, meaning that some substances pass through easily.

PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 39 KEY: ANALYZING

17.Which substance forms the bulk of the plasma membrane?

a.	Protein
b.	Cholesterol
c.	Phospholipids
d.	Glucose

ANS: C

Phospholipids form the bulk of the plasma membrane. Protein and cholesterol are scattered within the phospholipid molecules. Glucose is not part of the plasma membrane.

PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 39 KEY: REMEMBERING

18.Which of the following is one of the roles served by proteins in the plasma membrane?

a.	They strengthen the cell membrane.
b.	They make the cell membrane impervious to water and solutes.
c.	They serve as receptors for chemicals or hormones.
d.	They attach to cholesterol to create identifying markers.

ANS: C

Cholesterol helps strengthen the cell membrane. The cell membrane is selectively permeable. Proteins attach to carbohydrates—not cholesterol—to create identifying markers.

PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 39 KEY: UNDERSTANDING

19.Threadlike structures composed of DNA and protein that fill a cell’s nucleus are called

a.	chromosomes.
b.	chromatin.
c.	ribosomes.
d.	organelles.

ANS: B

Chromatin is threadlike structures composed of DNA and protein. DNA coil into structures called chromosomes when a cell starts to divide. Ribosomes are the cell’s protein-producing structures. Organelles are the “little organs” contained throughout the cell.

PTS: 1 DIF: E REF: 40 KEY: REMEMBERING

20.What important task occurs in the nucleolus?

a.	The manufacture of DNA
b.	The secretion of cytoplasm
c.	The manufacture of ribosomes
d.	The production of glucose

ANS: C

The nucleolus manufactures ribosomes, the cell’s protein-producing structures. DNA is created in the nucleus, not the nucleolus. Cytoplasm is a gel-like substance that fills the space between the plasma membrane and the nucleus; it is not secreted by the nucleolus. The nucleolus does not produce glucose.

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21.What is the network of membranous canals and curving sacs that extend throughout the cytoplasm called?

a.	Endoplasmic reticulum
b.	Golgi apparatus
c.	Mitochondria
d.	Chromatin

ANS: A

Endoplasmic reticulum consists of a network of membranous canals and curving sacs that extend throughout the cytoplasm. Golgi apparatus is flattened sacs stacked on top of one another. Mitochondria are sausage-shaped organelles. Chromatin is threadlike structures in the nucleus.

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22.How does the structure of the endoplasmic reticulum serve its purpose?

a.	Its flattened sacs allow it to store protein.
b.	Its membranous canals and curving sacs keep the plasma membrane from collapsing.
c.	Its network of canals allows proteins to move toward the Golgi apparatus.
d.	Its membranous vesicles contain various enzymes.

ANS: C

The endoplasmic reticulum contains canals that act as a passageway for proteins on their way to the Golgi apparatus. None of the other answers is correct.

PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 40 KEY: UNDERSTANDING

23.Which cellular structure helps sweep particles along a path?

a.	Microvilli
b.	Flagella
c.	Lysosomes
d.	Cilia

ANS: D

Cilia are hairlike processes along the surface of a cell that beat in waves to sweep particles along a path. Microvilli are folds of the cell membrane that greatly increase the surface area of a cell. Flagella are projections that have a whiplike motion that helps move a cell. Lysosomes are membranous vesicles that contain enzymes that help break down protein the cell does not need.

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24.Based on their function, where would you expect microvilli to be located in the body?

a.	Digestive tract
b.	Respiratory tract
c.	Flagella
d.	Fallopian tubes

ANS: A

Microvilli greatly increase the surface area of a cell; therefore, they are typically found in cells charged with absorbing nutrients, such as the intestines. The respiratory tract and fallopian tubes both contain cilia, which help to move particles (such as mucus in the respiratory tract or an egg cell in the fallopian tubes). Flagella are found only on sperm.

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25.Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis is called

a.	a concentration gradient.
b.	equilibrium.
c.	osmotic pressure.
d.	tonicity.

ANS: C

Water pressure, also called hydrostatic pressure, that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis is called osmotic pressure. Equilibrium is the point at which no further diffusion occurs. A concentration gradient is the difference in concentration of a substance from one point to another. Tonicity is the ability of a solution to affect the fluid volume and pressure within a cell through osmosis.

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26.Based on your understanding of osmolarity and tonicity, which type of intravenous fluid would you expect most patients to receive?

a.	Isotonic
b.	Hypertonic
c.	Hypotonic
d.	Equitonic

ANS: A

An isotonic solution is one in which the concentration of solutes is the same as it is in the cell; therefore, water would move into and out of a cell at an equal rate. A hypertonic solution would cause water to diffuse out of the cell, causing it to shrivel. A hypotonic solution would cause water to flow into the cell, causing it to swell or burst. There is no such thing as an equitonic solution.

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27.What force drives the process of filtration in the body’s capillaries?

a.	The pressure of solutes inside the capillaries.
b.	The pressure of blood inside the capillaries.
c.	The pressure of solutes outside the capillaries.
d.	The pressure of fluid outside the capillaries.

ANS: B

The pressure of blood inside capillaries forces water and dissolved materials into surrounding tissues.

PTS: 1 DIF: M REF: 44 KEY: UNDERSTANDING

28.Which body process makes use of the sodium-potassium pump?

a.	The movement of mucus and foreign particles from the lungs
b.	The movement of water and dissolved substances out of capillaries and into surrounding tissue
c.	The creation of electrical potential for nerve conduction
d.	The absorption of nutrients in the intestines

ANS: C

Cilia move mucus and foreign particles out of the lungs. Filtration is the method by which water and dissolved substances move out of capillaries and into surrounding tissues.

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29.Which statement most accurately describes the action of the sodium-potassium pump?

a.	The sodium-potassium pump works to transfer sodium from inside to outside the cell while transferring potassium from outside to inside the cell.
b.	The sodium-potassium pump works to transfer sodium from outside to inside the cell while transferring potassium from inside to outside the cell.
c.	The sodium-potassium pump pumps both sodium and potassium from inside to outside the cell.
d.	The sodium-potassium pump pumps both sodium and potassium from outside to inside the cell.

ANS: A

The sodium-potassium pump works to transfer sodium from inside to outside the cell while transferring potassium from outside to inside the cell. All of the other answers are incorrect.

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30.Facilitated diffusion depends on which structure?

a.	Vesicles
b.	Protein molecule in the cell membrane
c.	Cholesterol molecule in the cell membrane
d.	Gaps in capillary walls

ANS: B

Facilitated diffusion uses channels in protein molecules in the plasma membrane to help the movement of some molecules across the membrane. None of the other answers is correct.

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31.Nucleotides consist of one of four types of:

a.	sugar.
b.	phosphate groups.
c.	nitrogenous bases.
d.	proteins.

ANS: C

Each nucleotide consists of one sugar, one phosphate group, and one of four possible types of nitrogenous bases.

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32.What determines genetic code?

a.	The types of nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule
b.	The type of sugar in the DNA molecule
c.	The sequence of nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecule
d.	The types of protein in the DNA molecule

ANS: C

The sequence of bases is the genetic code. All DNA molecules contain the same four bases; they also contain the same type of sugar. There is no protein in the DNA molecule.

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33.RNA differs from DNA in that it:

a.	is a single strand.
b.	contains the sugar deoxyribose.
c.	contains the base thymine instead of uracil.
d.	does not contain a phosphate.

ANS: A

RNA contains the sugar ribose; it also contains the base uracil instead of thymine. RNA and DNA both contain a phosphate group.

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34.Chromosomes form during which phase of mitosis?

a.	Anaphase
b.	Metaphase
c.	Telophase
d.	Prophase

ANS: D

Chromatin begins to coil and condense and form chromosomes during prophase—the first phase of mitosis.

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35.The chromosomes of a cell divide during which phase of mitosis?

a.	Prophase
b.	Anaphase
c.	Metaphase
d.	Telophase

ANS: B

During anaphase, the centromeres divide, forming two chromosomes instead of a pair of attached chromatids.

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COMPLETION

36.A cell’s shape is determined by its ____________________.

ANS: function

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37.The gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of the cell and contains organelles is called ____________________.

ANS: cytoplasm

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38.The ____________________ is the cell’s control center.

ANS: nucleus

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39.The cell’s protein-producing structures are called ____________________.

ANS: ribosomes

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40.The difference in concentration of a substance from one point to another is called a ____________________.

ANS: concentration gradient

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41.Filtration occurs because of differences in ____________________ on either side of a membrane.

ANS: pressure

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42.The ____________________ molecule stores all of a cell’s genetic information.

ANS: DNA

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43.The building blocks of DNA are millions of pairs of ____________________.

ANS: nucleotides

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44.The process whereby RNA makes a copy of a strand of DNA is called ____________________.

ANS: transcription

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45.The process whereby a cell splits into two identical daughter cells is called ____________________.

ANS: mitosis

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