Test Bank Human Physiology From Cells to Systems 9th Edition Sherwood

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Test Bank Human Physiology From Cells to Systems 9th Edition Sherwood

Chapter 04 – Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

1. ​Membrane potential is related to the uneven distribution of what two positively charged ions?

  a.  ​salt and sugar

  b.  ​calcium and magnesium

  c.  ​hydrogen and oxygen

  d.  ​sodium and potassium

  e.  ​chloride and phosphorus

ANSWER:   d

DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember

REFERENCES:   4.1 Introduction to Neural Communication

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   HUPH.SHER.16.4.1 – Explain the role of membrane potential in neural communication

2. ​What are the two basic forms of electrical signals?

  a.  ​high potentials and low potentials

  b.  ​physical and action potentials

  c.  ​graded potentials and action potentials

  d.  ​graded potentials and chemical potentials

  e.  ​physical potentials and chemical potentials

ANSWER:   c

DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember

REFERENCES:   4.1 Introduction to Neural Communication

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   HUPH.SHER.16.4.1.3 – Discuss the effect of ion movement across the plasma membrane

3. ​As the triggering event gets stronger, what type of gated channels open up more frequently or for longer duration?

  a.  ​calcium channels

  b.  ​sodium channels

  c.  ​potassium channels

  d.  ​oxygen channels

  e.  ​water channels

ANSWER:   b

DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember

REFERENCES:   4.2 Graded Potentials

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   HUPH.SHER.16.4.2.1 – Describe the relationship between the triggering event and the resultant graded potential

4. ​What is the temporarily depolarized region of a membrane called?

  a.  ​active area

  b.  ​temporary area

  c.  ​charged area

  d.  ​depolarized area

  e.  ​electrical area

ANSWER:   a

DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember

REFERENCES:   4.2 Graded Potentials

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   HUGH.SHER.16.4.2 – Describe current flow during a graded potential

5. ​What property do insulators demonstrate that greatly hinders the movement of electrical charge?

6. ​In general terms, what sort of distance do graded potentials die out over?

  a.  ​graded distances

  b.  ​active distances

  c.  ​long distances

  d.  ​medium distances

  e.  ​short distances

ANSWER:   e

DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember

REFERENCES:   4.2 Graded Potentials

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   HUGH.SHER.16.4.2.3 – Explain how graded potentials die out over short distances

  a.  ​high resistance

  b.  ​low resistance

  c.  ​high conductance

  d.  ​low conductance

  e.  ​absence of electrons

ANSWER:   a

DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember

REFERENCES:   4.2 Graded Potentials

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   HUPH.SHER.16.4.2.2 – Discuss the spread of graded potentials across the cell membrane

7. ​Depolarization from the resting potential of -70 mV proceeds slowly until it reaches a critical level known as ____.

  a.  ​polarizing action

  b.  ​electrical action

  c.  ​depolarizing potential

  d.  ​active potential

  e.  ​threshold potential

ANSWER:   e

DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember

REFERENCES:   4.3 Action Potentials

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   HUPH.SHER.16.4.3.2 – Describe the two events that lead to the development of action potentials

8. ​Due to its recorded appearance, an action potential is often referred to a ____.

  a.  ​plateau

  b.  ​hockey stick

  c.  ​spike

  d.  ​table

  e.  ​bell

ANSWER:   c

DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember

REFERENCES:   4.3 Action Potentials

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   HUPH.SHER.16.4.3.1 – Compare action potentials with graded potentials

9. ​Voltage-gated sodium channels can exist in how many different conformations?

  a.  ​one

  b.  ​two

  c.  ​three

  d.  ​four

  e.  five

ANSWER:   c

DIFFICULTY:   Bloom’s: Remember

REFERENCES:   4.3 Action Potentials

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   HUPH.SHER.16.4.3.3 – Discuss the importance of the Na+–K+ pump in maintaining concentration gradients