Test Bank For The Practice of Research in Criminology And Criminal Justice 6th Edition By Ronet D. Bachman

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Test Bank For The Practice of Research in Criminology And Criminal Justice 6th Edition By Ronet D. Bachman

Bachman, The Practice of Research in Criminology and Criminal Justice 6th Edition

Chapter 2: The Process and Problems of Criminology Research

Test Bank

1. The four major stages in the research circle are: 

a. Replication, data, theory, and hypothesis 

b. Implementation, deduction, induction, and replication 

c. Validation, theory, empiricism, and replication 

*d. Theory, hypothesis, data, and empirical generalization 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 

2. In the course of a study, anomalous findings emerge. The researcher could do all of the following except:

*a. Immediately discard the results. 

b. Use inductive reasoning to make sense of the unexpected findings. 

c. Determine whether the unexpected findings are important. 

d. Propose a new study in which deductive reasoning is used to compare the new findings with the original unexpected findings. 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 

3. According to deterrence theory, punishment for a deviant act reduces the likelihood that a person will repeat the act. A researcher decides that it must therefore be likely that tougher gun control laws would reduce the gun crimes of repeat offenders. This is an example of: 

*a. Deductive reasoning 

b. Sample generalizability 

c. Inductive reasoning 

d. Implementation 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 

4. Which of the following is a hypothesis?

a. I agree with the death penalty. 

b. The United States has the death penalty. 

c. States with the death penalty will have lower murder rates. 

d. The death penalty is immoral. 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 

5. If there is a negative relationship between social capital and crime, crime might be reduced by: 

*a. Increasing social capital 

b. Decreasing social capital 

c. Using a deductive strategy 

d. Not enough information provided 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 

6. A positive relationship implies that: 

a. Increases in the independent variable result in decreases in the dependent variable. 

*b. Decreases in the independent variable result in decreases in the dependent variable. 

c. Decreases in the independent variable result in increases in the dependent variable. 

d. There is no relationship between the independent variable and the dependent variable. 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 

7. Assuming that social networks reduce criminal behavior, one plausible hypothesis would be that: 

a. People who live in cities should be more likely to be victimized. 

b. Cities should have larger social networks than rural areas. 

c. People who live in cities should be more likely to commit crimes. 

*d. People with few friends should be more likely to commit crimes. 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 

8. An observer of street corner groups finds that more acts of vandalism are committed by same-sex groups than by mixed-sex groups. She speculates that the propensity to commit publicly deviant acts is a product of competition for recognition among peers of equal status. This speculation is an example of: 

a. Overgeneralization 

b. Deductive reasoning 

c. Sample generalizability 

*d. Inductive reasoning 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 

9. A researcher conducts a study in which he measures the level of fear community residents have of being a victim of crime and the presence of police officers in a sample of urban neighborhoods. Based on findings, the researcher reports that there is no relation between fear of crime and police presence. This statement is: 

*a. An empirical generalization 

b. A valid deduction 

c. A selective observation 

d. An overgeneralization 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 

10. When a researcher intends to document the length of a time a child plays video games (duration) but instead measures the number of times the child plays video games (frequency), this is an error of

*a. Measurement validity

b. Internal validity 

c. External validity

d. Feasibility 

Section: Social Research Standards

Bloom’s Taxonomy Application 

11. Paternoster et al.’s (1997) follow-up study to the Sherman and Berk domestic violence experiment examined the theory that people comply with the law out of a sense of moral obligation, if and when they believe the law is applied fairly. If this statement is true, then: 

a. Arrestees who feel they are treated fairly should be more likely to re-offend than those who feel otherwise. 

b. Arrestees who feel that they were treated unfairly should be less likely to re-offend than those who feel otherwise. 

*c. Arrestees who feel they are treated fairly should be less likely to re-offend than those who feel otherwise. 

d. There is no relationship between perceptions of fairness and re-offending. 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 

12. Replication of research findings: 

a. Is usually discouraged because it takes a disproportionate amount of resources 

b. Is unnecessary if causal validity is high 

c. Is not needed when you trust the credentials of the researcher 

*d. Could increase sample generalizability and cross-population generalizability 

 

Section: Generalizability

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 

13. When research findings from a sample of college students can be applicable to all college students, the findings have this type of generalizability: 

*a. Sample generalizability 

b. Cross-population generalizability 

c. External validity 

d. Internal validity 

Section: Social Research Standards

Bloom’s Taxonomy Application 

14. A researcher finds that length of time in solitary confinement increases recidivism. Her study: 

*a. Found a positive association between length of time in solitary confinement and recidivism 

b. Found a negative association between length of time in solitary confinement and recidivism

c. Must have poor measurement validity 

d. Cannot be replicated 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 

15. When findings related to prison inmates are also applicable to patients at a mental hospital, the findings have this type of generalizability: 

a. Sample generalizability 

*b. Cross-population generalizability 

c. External validity 

d. Internal validity 

Section: Social Research Standards

Bloom’s Taxonomy Application 

16. For the hypothesis “if gun control laws are stricter, crime will decrease,” ____________ is the independent variable and _____________ is the dependent variable. 

a. criminal activity level, gun owners’ adherence to laws 

*b. strength of gun control laws, criminal activity level 

c. criminal activity level, strength of gun control laws 

d. strength of gun control laws, gun owners’ adherence to laws 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application 

17. Sherman and Berk’s original domestic violence study in Minneapolis lacked _____________ because its conclusions did not always hold true in other cities. 

a. measurement validity 

*b. generalizability 

c. falsifiability 

d. authenticity 

 

Section: Social Research Strategies

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension 

18. An individual develops a research project in which she would survey inmates in every prison in the United States; however, she does not have the resources available to conduct this project. This is an issue of:

*a. Feasibility 

b. Social importance

c. Authenticity

d. Falsifiability 

Section: Criminological Research Questions

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Application