Test Bank For The Power of Logic 5th Edition by Howard-Snyder

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. A word that has more than one meaning is said to be A. obscure.

   B. ambiguous. C. vague.
   D. figurative.

2. The set of things to which a word applies is called its A. intension.

   B. extension. C. dimension. D. definition.

3. Which of the following is a type of intensional definition? A. ostensive definition
   B. enumerative definition
   C. definition by subclass

   D. definition by genus and difference

4. When introducing a new word into our language, it is most appropriate to use which kind of definition?

   A. lexical
   B. stipulative C. theoretical D. precising

5. In a definition by genus and difference, the difference indicates
   A. the general category to which members of the term’s extension belong.
   B. the attribute that distinguishes members of a given species from members of other species in the same

   genus.
   C. why it makes a difference how the term is used. D. the proper subclass of the definiens.

6. The definition “Love is never having to say you’re sorry” is A. obscure.

   B. ambiguous. C. figurative. D. circular.

7. “The ‘death penalty’ is just state-sanctioned murder” is a A. theoretical definition.
   B. precising definition.
   C. persuasive definition.

   D. stipulative definition.

8. The information that a sentence conveys is its A. emotive force.
   B. extension.
   C. cognitive meaning.

   D. lexical definition.

9. A word is vague when
   A. it is not a very common word.
   B. it has more than one meaning.
   C. it is imprecise or has “borderline cases.” D. it is not definable enumeratively.
10. An ostensive definition is one that specifies the meaning of a term by
    A. pointing out objects in the term’s extension.
    B. identifying the properties a thing must have in order to be included in the term’s extension. C. naming the members of the term’s extension individually.
    D. naming the members of the term’s extension in groups.
11. In “A puppy is a young dog,” the word “puppy” is the A. definiendum.

    B. differentia. C. definiens. D. definition.

12. “‘Furniture’ means dressers, tables, beds, desks, and the like” is a A. stipulative definition.
    B. definition by genus and difference.
    C. definition by subclass.

    D. lexical definition.

13. Which of the following most accurately identifies the relationship between the genus and the species? A. The species is a proper subclass of the genus.
    B. The genus is a proper subclass of the species.
    C. The species is a subclass of the genus.

    D. The genus is a subclass of the species.

14. A definition is too wide when the
    A. definiens fails to apply to some objects in the extension of the definiendum. B. definiendum is extensionally equivalent to its intension.
    C. definiens is extensionally equivalent to its intension.
    D. definiens applies to objects outside the extension of the definiendum.
15. When two or more people seem to disagree but an ambiguous word (or phrase) hides the fact that they actually agree, they are said to have
    A. a failure to communicate.
    B. a merely verbal dispute.

    C. an equivocation.
    D. a substantial dispute.

16. Two different statements may express the same proposition. True False
17. The cognitive meaning of a statement is the element of the statement that elicits emotions. True False
18. A definition is obscure when it is unclear because it doesn’t convey the literal meaning of the concept, but only an analogy we have to interpret.
    True False
19. A word is vague to the extent that it has “borderline cases” in which there is no precise way to determine whether the word applies.
    True False
20. The extension of a term is those properties something must have in order for the term to apply to it. True False

21. A lexical definition reports the conventional or established (intensional) meaning of a term. True False
22. When I define a word by pointing to the objects the word applies to (e.g., I point at Fido and say “Dog”), I am giving an ostensive definition.
    True False
23. All terms can be defined extensionally. True False
24. A definition is too narrow if the definiens fails to apply to some objects in the extension of the definiendum.

    True False

25. The problem of equivocation occurs when a word (or phrase) is used with more than one meaning in an argument but the validity of the argument depends on the word’s being used with the same meaning throughout.
    True False
26. A persuasive definition is a definition that seems to make sense to most people. True False
27. The statements “Joe loves Mary” and “Mary is loved by Joe” express the same proposition. True False
28. A single statement may express more than one proposition. True False
29. A statement has emotive force when it conveys information. True False
30. A word is ambiguous if it has more than one meaning. True False
31. “Running” is a term. True False
32. A term’s intension is the set of things to which the term applies. True False
33. A stipulative definition is a type of extensional definition. True False
34. Ostensive definitions are a type of extensional definition. True False
35. The class of attorneys is a proper subclass of the class of lawyers. True False
36. A definition is too wide (too broad) if the definiens applies to objects outside the extension of the definiendum.

    True False

37. A merely verbal dispute occurs when two or more people express in words different views on a subject (e.g., one avows theism and the other agnosticism), but do not behave differently (e.g., both go to the same church).
    True False

38. Match each definition to the type that best characterizes it. 1. Geologists define a “mountain” as any pile of earth that exceeds 1,600 feet above sea level

2. “Sorority” means Alpha Delta Pi, Delta Delta Delta, Delta Zeta, and so on

3. A “house” is a free-standing artificial structure whose purpose is to shelter human families

4. “Agoraphobia” means the excessive fear of open spaces

5. “Knowledge” is justified true belief

6. “Dog” means Labradors, dachshunds, golden retrievers, chows, and so on

7. By “compatibilist” I will mean someone who believes that humans have free will but nevertheless everything that happens was caused
8. An “animal” is a mammal, reptile, amphibian, or avian

9. “Human” means Alice Anne, Bob, Bill, Charlie, Carol, Delilah, Daphne, and so on

10. “To be clear, we’ll specify that any vehicle weighing less than 1.5 tons (3,000 lbs.) qualifies as a “car.”

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_ Enu _ merative__

definition _ Enu _ merative__

definition _ The _ oretical__

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_ Stip _ ulative__

definition _ Defin _ ition by__

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39. The following argument involves the use of emotionally loaded language. Write a well-crafted version of the argument, replacing the emotionally loaded verbiage with more neutral language.
    The civil laws of the United States protect only criminals, not law-abiding citizens. A major reform of these laws is called for to restore order to this great country of ours.
40. The following argument involves the use of emotionally loaded language. Write a well-crafted version of the argument, replacing the emotionally loaded verbiage with more neutral language.
    The death penalty is a farce. After some vicious killer is convicted and sentenced to die, his case is automatically appealed. Appeal follows appeal, dragging on for decades. Usually these are subsidized

    by the very community that has been wronged in the form of supplying free lawyers or providing the convicted assassin time and resources to learn the legal loopholes that will prevent his execution.