Test Bank For The Human Body in Health and Illness 5th Edition By Herlihy
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ISBN-10: 0323353541 ISBN-13: 978-0323353540
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Test Bank For The Human Body in Health and Illness 5th Edition By Herlihy
Chapter 3: Cells Test Bank
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following is considered the control center of the cell?
|
a. |
Mitochondrion |
|
b. |
Nucleus |
|
c. |
Lysosome |
|
d. |
Centriole |
ANS: B
2. The mitochondrion is called the power plant of the cell because _____ within the mitochondrion.
|
a. |
most of the ATP is produced |
|
b. |
all protein synthesis occurs |
|
c. |
all DNA is located |
|
d. |
all ribosomes are located |
ANS: A
3. Which of the following is (are) found on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
|
a. |
Ribosomes |
|
b. |
Cilia |
|
c. |
Lysosomes |
|
d. |
DNA |
ANS: A
4. The rough ER is the site of
|
a. |
fatty acid and steroid synthesis. |
|
b. |
Krebs cycle activity. |
|
c. |
protein synthesis. |
|
d. |
intracellular water storage. |
ANS: C
5. Which of the following is most associated with the ribosome?
|
a. |
ATP production |
|
b. |
Intracellular housecleaning |
|
c. |
Glycogen storage |
|
d. |
Protein synthesis |
ANS: D
6. What is the transport mechanism in this description: A passive process that “pulls” water from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water?
|
a. |
Filtration |
|
b. |
Endocytosis |
|
c. |
An ATP-driven pump |
|
d. |
Osmosis |
ANS: D
7. What is the transport mechanism in this description: A passive process that uses a pressure difference as its driving force?
|
a. |
Facilitated diffusion |
|
b. |
An ATP-driven pump |
|
c. |
Diffusion |
|
d. |
Filtration |
ANS: D
8. A beaker is divided into two compartments by a semipermeable membrane. Compartment A contains a 20% NaCl solution and compartment B contains a 50% NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to water but not to Na+ or Cl–. Initially,
|
a. |
water diffuses from compartment B to compartment A. |
|
b. |
Na+ diffuses from compartment B to compartment A. |
|
c. |
Na+ diffuses from compartment A to compartment B. |
|
d. |
water diffuses from compartment A to compartment B. |
ANS: D
9. A beaker is divided into two compartments by a semipermeable membrane. Compartment A contains a 20% NaCl solution and compartment B contains a 50% NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to water but not to Na+ or Cl–. At equilibrium, the
|
a. |
volume of water in compartment A will be greater than the volume in compartment B. |
|
b. |
volume in both compartments A and B will be equal. |
|
c. |
concentration of compartment A will decrease. |
|
d. |
volume in compartment B will be greater than the volume in compartment A. |
ANS: D
10. A beaker is divided into two compartments by a semipermeable membrane. Compartment A contains a 20% NaCl solution while compartment B contains a 50% NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to both water and Na+ and Cl–. Initially,
|
a. |
Na+ and Cl– diffuse from compartment B to compartment A. |
|
b. |
water diffuses from compartment B to compartment A. |
|
c. |
Na+ and Cl– diffuse from compartment A to compartment B. |
|
d. |
Na+ diffuses from compartment A to compartment B and Cl– diffuses from compartment B to compartment A. |
ANS: A
11. A beaker is divided into two compartments by a semipermeable membrane. Compartment A contains a 20% NaCl solution and compartment B contains a 50% NaCl solution. The membrane is permeable to both water and Na+ and Cl–. At equilibrium, the
|
a. |
volume in compartment A will be greater than the volume in compartment B. |
|
b. |
volume in compartment B will be greater than the volume in compartment A. |
|
c. |
concentrations and volumes will be the same in both compartments. |
|
d. |
concentration of salt is greater in compartment A than in compartment B. |
ANS: C
12. What are the hairlike structures located on the outer surface of the cell membrane?
|
a. |
Mitochondria |
|
b. |
Ribosomes |
|
c. |
Cilia |
|
d. |
Centrioles |
ANS: C
13. What is the extensive internal membrane system that forms channels and is concerned with the synthesis of protein and steroids?
|
a. |
Mitochondria |
|
b. |
Lysosomes |
|
c. |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
|
d. |
DNA |
ANS: C
14. Lysosomes are filled with
|
a. |
powerful enzymes that destroy cellular debris and pathogens. |
|
b. |
cilia. |
|
c. |
DNA. |
|
d. |
blood. |
ANS: A
15. Which of the following best describes the power or driving force for active transport?
|
a. |
ATP |
|
b. |
Pressure |
|
c. |
DNA |
|
d. |
H+ |
ANS: A
16. What is the transport mechanism in this description: A passive process that uses a carrier molecule to move a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration?
|
a. |
Osmosis |
|
b. |
An ATP-driven pump |
|
c. |
Filtration |
|
d. |
Facilitated diffusion |
ANS: D
17. What is the name of the process in which an intracellular protein–containing vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and expels the protein to the outside of the cell?
|
a. |
Endocytosis |
|
b. |
Pinocytosis |
|
c. |
Exocytosis |
|
d. |
Phagocytosis |
ANS: C
18. Which process describes phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
|
a. |
Facilitated diffusion |
|
b. |
Endocytosis |
|
c. |
Filtration |
|
d. |
Exocytosis |
ANS: B
19. Which word means “the bursting of red blood cells”?
|
a. |
Endocytosis |
|
b. |
Hemolysis |
|
c. |
Crenation |
|
d. |
Catalyst |
ANS: B
20. If a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution such as water, the cell will
|
a. |
crenate. |
|
b. |
shrink. |
|
c. |
swell and burst. |
|
d. |
differentiate. |
ANS: C
21. Which type of solution causes crenation or shrinkage of submerged red blood cells?
|
a. |
Hypotonic |
|
b. |
Isotonic |
|
c. |
Hypertonic |
|
d. |
Water |
ANS: C
22. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase are phases of
|
a. |
active transport. |
|
b. |
mitosis. |
|
c. |
differentiation. |
|
d. |
pinocytosis. |
ANS: B
23. G1, G2, the S phase, and the M phase are phases of
|
a. |
the cell cycle. |
|
b. |
mitosis. |
|
c. |
protein synthesis. |
|
d. |
the cell cycle that is specific to cancer cells. |
ANS: A
24. Pinocytosis
|
a. |
is a passive process. |
|
b. |
requires a pressure gradient as its driving force. |
|
c. |
refers to cellular drinking. |
|
d. |
is a form of exocytosis. |
ANS: C
25. Which of the following best describes normal saline?
|
a. |
Radioactive |
|
b. |
Hemolytic to red blood cells |
|
c. |
Isotonic |
|
d. |
Crenating to red blood cells |
ANS: C
26. Which of the following best describes the eating of a bacterium by a lysosome?
|
a. |
Differentiation |
|
b. |
Phagocytosis |
|
c. |
Meiosis |
|
d. |
Hemolysis |
ANS: B
27. In which structure is most DNA found?
|
a. |
Nucleus |
|
b. |
Mitochondrion |
|
c. |
Lysosome |
|
d. |
Golgi apparatus |
ANS: A
28. Which structure is described as rough or smooth?
|
a. |
Ribosome |
|
b. |
Mitochondrion |
|
c. |
Cilia |
|
d. |
Endoplasmic reticulum |
ANS: D
29. Which of the following is a gel-like substance located inside the cell but outside the nucleus?
|
a. |
Nucleoplasm |
|
b. |
Isotonic saline |
|
c. |
Cytoplasm |
|
d. |
Lysosomal enzymes |
ANS: C
30. Which of the following most accurately describes diffusion?
|
a. |
ATP-driven |
|
b. |
Passive transport |
|
c. |
Requires a pressure or pushing force |
|
d. |
Causes solute to move uphill |
ANS: B
31. The skunk makes his presence known by
|
a. |
filtration. |
|
b. |
osmosis. |
|
c. |
active transport. |
|
d. |
diffusion. |
ANS: D
32. Oxygen moves from the lungs (high concentration) into the blood (low concentration) in response to
|
a. |
filtration. |
|
b. |
osmosis. |
|
c. |
diffusion. |
|
d. |
endocytosis. |
ANS: C
33. Which process describes the pushing of water across the capillary (blood vessel) membrane?
|
a. |
Facilitated diffusion |
|
b. |
Osmosis |
|
c. |
Filtration |
|
d. |
Pinocytosis |
ANS: C
34. Which structure puts the finishing touches on and packages the protein for export from the cell?
|
a. |
Mitochondrion |
|
b. |
Golgi apparatus |
|
c. |
Lysosome |
|
d. |
Nucleolus |
ANS: B
35. Which of the following structures make the rough endoplasmic reticulum look like sandpaper?
|
a. |
Ribosomes |
|
b. |
Globs of cytoplasm |
|
c. |
ATP |
|
d. |
Fragments of DNA |
ANS: A
36. Which structure is described as a semipermeable lipid bilayer?
|
a. |
Lysosome |
|
b. |
Mitochondrion |
|
c. |
Ribosome |
|
d. |
Cell membrane |
ANS: D
37. The selectively permeable membrane
|
a. |
is a result of its composition; it is tough connective tissue, much like a ligament. |
|
b. |
determines which substances enter and leave the cell. |
|
c. |
allows for the unrestricted movement of water and electrolytes across the cell membrane. |
|
d. |
permits diffusion but not osmosis. |
ANS: B
38. Which of the following is least true of mitochondria?
|
a. |
Found only within liver cells |
|
b. |
Make most of the body’s ATP |
|
c. |
Contain enzymes that function aerobically |
|
d. |
Located within the cytoplasm |
ANS: A
39. Which of the following is a correct statement?
|
a. |
Most ATP is produced in the mitochondria. |
|
b. |
Mitochondria contain potent enzymes that digest cellular waste and debris. |
|
c. |
Most DNA is located within the mitochondria. |
|
d. |
The RER is concerned with phagocytosis. |
ANS: A
40. A beaker contains two compartments. Compartment A (CA) contains a 10% salt solution and Compartment B (CB) contains a 20% salt solution. The membrane is permeable to the salt and water. At equilibrium,
|
a. |
the volume in CA is greater than the volume in CB. |
|
b. |
the volume in CA is less than the volume in CB. |
|
c. |
the volume is the same in both compartments. |
|
d. |
all water accumulates in CB. |
ANS: C
41. A beaker contains two compartments. Compartment A (CA) contains a 10% salt solution and Compartment B (CB) contains a 20% salt solution. The membrane is permeable only to water. At equilibrium, the volume in
|
a. |
CA is greater than the volume in CB. |
|
b. |
CA is less than the volume in CB. |
|
c. |
CB is less than the volume in CA. |
|
d. |
CA is the same as the volume in CB. |
ANS: B
42. Most K+ is located in the cells, with little K+ in the tissue spaces. What accounts for the movement of additional K+ into the cells?
|
a. |
K+ in the tissue fluid diffuses into the cell. |
|
b. |
K+ enters the cell in response to facilitated diffusion. |
|
c. |
K+ is actively pumped into the cell. |
|
d. |
K+ enters the cell because of pinocytosis. |
ANS: C
43. A child has experienced a blow to the head causing a slow bleed. Although the bleeding has stopped, the blood clot continues to expand because
|
a. |
brain tissue grows into the blood clot. |
|
b. |
plasma protein is used by the brain to make additional nerve tissue to replace what was damaged. |
|
c. |
the particles of the blood clot are osmotically active and draw water into the clot. |
|
d. |
pieces of the blood clot dissolve and are carried by the blood to the other side of the brain. |
ANS: C
44. What is the primary difference between diffusion and facilitated diffusion?
|
a. |
One is active and the other is passive. |
|
b. |
One requires ATP and the other doesn’t. |
|
c. |
Diffusion involves the movement of a substance from high concentration to a lower concentration. Facilitated diffusion moves a substance from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. |
|
d. |
Facilitated diffusion uses a “helper” molecule to move a substance passively. |
ANS: D
45. What is the effect of an intravenous infusion of pure water?
|
a. |
It is the same response as to the infusion of isotonic saline. |
|
b. |
It is the same response as to the infusion of Ringer’s solution. |
|
c. |
The RBCs burst. |
|
d. |
The RBCs shrink (crenation). |
ANS: C
46. Which of the following describes the response of a red blood cell (RBC) to immersion in an isotonic solution?
|
a. |
The RBC swells and bursts. |
|
b. |
The RBC undergoes hemolysis. |
|
c. |
The RBC undergoes crenation; it shrinks. |
|
d. |
There is no net movement of water between the RBC and solution. |
ANS: D
47. Plasma proteins determine
|
a. |
plasma oncotic (osmotic) pressure. |
|
b. |
capillary filtration pressure. |
|
c. |
the rate of diffusion out of the capillary. |
|
d. |
the size of the capillary pores. |
ANS: A
48. If plasma protein leaks into the tissue spaces,
|
a. |
edema develops. |
|
b. |
the tissue space becomes dehydrated as excess tissue fluid enters the capillaries. |
|
c. |
blood volume expands as excess fluid is absorbed into the blood vessels (capillaries). |
|
d. |
all of the above occur. |
ANS: A
49. Mitosis
|
a. |
occurs only within sex cells. |
|
b. |
produces two genetically identical cells. |
|
c. |
occurs only within red blood cells. |
|
d. |
causes a 50% reduction in chromosome number. |
ANS: B
50. The first gap phase (G1), second gap phase (G2), and synthesis phase (S)
|
a. |
occur during interphase. |
|
b. |
include prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. |
|
c. |
are stages of mitosis. |
|
d. |
all of the above are true. |
ANS: A
51. An anticancer drug that interferes only with mitosis
|
a. |
is described as cell cycle M phase–specific. |
|
b. |
is cell cycle phase–nonspecific. |
|
c. |
is nontoxic. |
|
d. |
stimulates neoplastic cell growth. |
ANS: A
52. With regard to the cell cycle,
|
a. |
the M phase is the same as interphase. |
|
b. |
cells cannot enter phase G0 when they complete the cycle. |
|
c. |
cell division occurs during the M phase. |
|
d. |
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase occur during phase G1. |
ANS: C
53. A cell that “drops out” of the cell cycle
|
a. |
enters G0. |
|
b. |
splits into two genetically identical cells. |
|
c. |
reduces its chromosome number by 50%. |
|
d. |
becomes a stem cell. |
ANS: A
54. Which of the following best describes a cell that is necrotic?
|
a. |
Dehydrated |
|
b. |
Stem cell |
|
c. |
Undifferentiated |
|
d. |
Dead |
ANS: D
55. Which of the following is true of a benign neoplasm?
|
a. |
Metastatic lesion |
|
b. |
Secondary tumor site |
|
c. |
Cancerous |
|
d. |
Noncancerous tumor |
ANS: D
56. A cervical Pap smear indicates well-differentiated cells. You would interpret this as
|
a. |
a normal cellular appearance. |
|
b. |
evidence of edema. |
|
c. |
evidence of necrosis. |
|
d. |
evidence of cancer. |
ANS: A
57. This cytoplasmic organelle contains the enzymes of the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain and is primarily concerned with the formation of ATP:
|
a. |
rough endoplasmic reticulum. |
|
b. |
smooth endoplasmic reticulum. |
|
c. |
mitochondrium. |
|
d. |
centriole. |
ANS: C
58. Krebs cycle and electron transport chain enzymes
|
a. |
are located within the mitochondria. |
|
b. |
function anaerobically. |
|
c. |
produce most of the lactic acid in the body. |
|
d. |
account for the sandpaper-like appearance of the RER. |
ANS: A
59. Which of the following is common to the ribosomes, rough ER, and Golgi apparatus?
|
a. |
ATP-producing organelles |
|
b. |
Protein synthesis |
|
c. |
Ammonia producing |
|
d. |
Glycogen storage |
ANS: B
60. Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
|
a. |
are stages of cytokinesis. |
|
b. |
occur during G1. |
|
c. |
are concerned with the synthesis of DNA and the doubling of the chromosomes. |
|
d. |
are stages of mitosis. |
ANS: D
61. Telophase and cytokinesis
|
a. |
mark the beginning of mitosis. |
|
b. |
complete the splitting of a single cell into two identical cells. |
|
c. |
are called the “resting” phases. |
|
d. |
occur only within sex cells. |
ANS: B
62. Methotrexate, an anticancer drug that interferes with cell replication, is most effective when the cancer cell is in the S phase of the cell cycle. Which of the following best describes methotrexate?
|
a. |
Cell cycle phase specific |
|
b. |
Stem cell stimulator |
|
c. |
Anaplastic |
|
d. |
Keratinized |
ANS: A
63. A stem cell develops into a muscle cell. Which of the following most accurately describes this process?
|
a. |
Differentiation |
|
b. |
Malignant |
|
c. |
Neoplastic |
|
d. |
Necrotic |
ANS: A
64. Compartment A contains a 5% glucose solution. Compartment B contains a 15% glucose solution. The membrane (dividing the beaker into compartments A and B) is permeable to both solute and solvent. Which of the following statements is true regarding the initial net flux?
|
a. |
Water diffuses from compartment A to compartment B. |
|
b. |
Glucose diffuses from compartment A to compartment B. |
|
c. |
Solute diffuses from compartment A to compartment B. |
|
d. |
Solvent diffuses from compartment B to compartment A. |
ANS: A
65. Compartment A contains a 25% glucose solution. Compartment B contains a 15% glucose solution. The membrane (dividing the beaker into compartments A and B) is permeable to water but impermeable to glucose. Which of the following statements is true regarding the initial net flux?
|
a. |
Water diffuses from compartment B to compartment A. |
|
b. |
Glucose diffuses from compartment A to compartment B. |
|
c. |
Solute diffuses from compartment A to compartment B. |
|
d. |
Solvent diffuses from compartment A to compartment B. |
ANS: A
66. At equilibrium the volume in compartment B is greater than the volume in compartment A. In which initial situation would this be achieved?
|
a. |
There is a 5% glucose solution in compartment A and a 15% glucose solution in compartment B. The membrane (separating the beaker into compartments A and B) is impermeable to the solute and permeable to the solvent. |
|
b. |
There is a 15% glucose solution in compartment A and a 5% glucose solution in compartment B. The membrane (separating the beaker into compartments A and B) is permeable to water and impermeable to glucose. |
|
c. |
There is a 15% glucose solution in compartment A and a 15% glucose solution in compartment B. The membrane (separating the beaker into compartments A and B) is permeable to both solute and solvent. |
|
d. |
There is a 25% glucose solution in compartment A and a 5% glucose solution in compartment B. The membrane (separating the beaker into compartments A and B) is permeable to solvent but impermeable to glucose. |
ANS: A
67. The capillary filtration pressure (arterial end of the capillary) is 30 mm Hg and 7 mm Hg at the venous end. The capillary oncotic pressure is 15 mm Hg. Which of the following is true?
|
a. |
Most water is filtered out of the capillary into the interstitium at the arterial end of the capillary. |
|
b. |
The capillary oncotic pressure is responsible for the movement of water from the capillary into the interstitium. |
|
c. |
The capillary oncotic pressure is responsible for the flow of blood from the arterial end of the capillary to the venous end of the capillary. |
|
d. |
A decline in capillary oncotic pressure causes excess water to be reabsorbed from the interstitium. |
ANS: A
68. Most body potassium (K+) is located intracellularly. Through what transport mechanism would additional K+ move from the extracellular compartment to the intracellular compartment?
|
a. |
Osmosis |
|
b. |
Active transport pump |
|
c. |
Facilitated diffusion |
|
d. |
Filtration |
ANS: B
69. A red blood cell (RBC) is immersed in hypertonic saline. Which of the following describes the consequence? The RBC will
|
a. |
replicate by mitosis. |
|
b. |
actively pump water into the cell. |
|
c. |
undergo hemolysis and burst. |
|
d. |
shrink. |
ANS: D
70. Which of the following is not true of glycogen? Glycogen
|
a. |
is a storage form of glucose. |
|
b. |
is an alcohol to which three fatty acids attach thereby forming a triglyceride. |
|
c. |
helps in the regulation of blood glucose. |
|
d. |
is stored within the liver and skeletal muscle. |
ANS: B
71. This substance is composed of glycerol and three fatty acids.
|
a. |
Glycogen |
|
b. |
Polypeptide |
|
c. |
Steroid |
|
d. |
Triglyceride |
ANS: D
72. Which of the following is not a lipid or lipoid substance?
|
a. |
Steroids |
|
b. |
Vitamins A, D, E, and K |
|
c. |
Prostaglandins |
|
d. |
Ammonia |
ANS: D
73. Which group is correct?
|
a. |
Lipids: triglycerides and urea |
|
b. |
Polysaccharides: glycogen and glucose |
|
c. |
Amino acids: ammonia and glycerol |
|
d. |
Nitrogen-containing waste: urea and creatinine |
ANS: D
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