Test Bank For The Human Body In Health And Disease 6th Edition By Patton

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Test Bank For The Human Body In Health And Disease 6th Edition By Patton

Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life Test Bank

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?

A.	proton	C.	electron
B.	neutron	D.	nucleus

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

2.Which subatomic particle has no charge?

A.	proton	C.	electron
B.	neutron	D.	nucleus

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

3.Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?

A.	proton	C.	electron
B.	neutron	D.	nucleus

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

4.Which subatomic particle is found in the nucleus?

A.	proton	C.	electron
B.	neutron	D.	both A and B

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

5.Electrons are found

A.	in the nucleus
B.	in orbitals
C.	at various distances from the nucleus called energy levels
D.	both B and C

ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Pages 27-28

TOP: Atoms

6.The atomic number of an atom is the number of

A.	protons	C.	electrons
B.	neutrons	D.	both A and B

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

7.The atomic mass of an atom is the number of

A.	protons	C.	electrons
B.	neutrons	D.	both A and B

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

8.The subatomic particle that determines how an atom unites with other atoms is the

A.	proton	C.	electron
B.	neutron	D.	both A and B

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

9.An atom that contains 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons has an atomic number of

A.	20	C.	40
B.	41	D.	61

ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 27

TOP: Atoms

10.An atom that contains 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons has an atomic mass of

A.	20	C.	40
B.	41	D.	61

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 27

TOP: Atoms

11.An atom that contains 20 protons, 21 neutrons, and 20 electrons has

A.	a positive charge
B.	a negative charge
C.	no charge (electrically neutral)
D.	not enough information is given to determine its charge

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 27

TOP: Atoms

12.Which of these elements is not one of the four elements that make up most of the human body?

A.	carbon	C.	oxygen
B.	nitrogen	D.	calcium

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 28TOP:Elements, molecules, and compounds

13.Bonds that usually dissociate in water to form electrolytes are _____ bonds.

A.	ionic	C.	organic
B.	covalent	D.	both B and C

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 29 TOP: Ionic bonds

14.The bonds formed when electrons are shared are called

A.	electrolytes	C.	covalent bonds
B.	ionic bonds	D.	inorganic bonds

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 30TOP:Covalent bonds

15.The process of dehydration synthesis

A.	uses water to turn large molecules into smaller ones
B.	adds a molecule of water to the reactants
C.	converts smaller molecules into larger ones by removing water
D.	both A and B

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 31 TOP: Water

16.The process of hydrolysis

A.	uses water to turn large molecules into smaller ones
B.	removes a molecule of water from the reactants
C.	converts smaller molecules into larger molecules by removing water
D.	both B and C

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 31 TOP: Water

17.Acids have

A.	a pH less than 7	C.	more OH– than H+ ions
B.	more H+ ions than OH– ions	D.	both A and B

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 32 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

18.Bases have

A.	a pH less than 7	C.	a pH greater than 7
B.	more H+ ions than OH– ions	D.	both A and B

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 32 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

19.A solution with a pH of 4

A.	has 100 times more H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2
B.	has 100 times fewer H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 2
C.	has 100 times fewer H+ ions than a solution with a pH of 6
D.	is basic

ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 32

TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

20.The end product of a reaction between a strong acid and a strong base is

A.	water	C.	a weak acid and a weak base
B.	a salt	D.	both A and B

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 32 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

21.Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide?

A.	sucrose	C.	lactose
B.	glucose	D.	glycogen

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 33TOP:Carbohydrates

22.Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

A.	sucrose	C.	lactose
B.	glucose	D.	glycogen

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 33TOP:Carbohydrates

23.Triglycerides

A.	are steroid lipids
B.	have a phosphorus-containing unit on one end
C.	have two fatty acids
D.	have three fatty acids

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

24.Phospholipids

A.	contain glycerol	C.	contain three fatty acids
B.	contain two fatty acids	D.	are steroid lipids

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

25.Cholesterol

A.	contains three fatty acids	C.	is a steroid lipid
B.	contains two fatty acids	D.	contains glycerol

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Pages 34-35 TOP: Lipids

26.Which of the following is not true of proteins?

A.	They have water-repelling tails.	C.	They contain nitrogen.
B.	They are made up of amino acids.	D.	They contain peptide bonds.

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Proteins

27.Which of the following is a structural protein?

A.	collagen	C.	enzymes
B.	keratin	D.	both A and B

ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 35 TOP: Proteins

28.Which of the following is a functional protein?

A.	collagen	C.	enzymes
B.	keratin	D.	both A and B

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 36 TOP: Proteins

29.Which of the following substances is not found in a DNA nucleotide?

A.	phosphate unit	C.	nitrogen base
B.	glycerol molecule	D.	a sugar

ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 34TOP:Nucleic acids

30.Which substance is found only in DNA?

A.	adenine	C.	thymine
B.	guanine	D.	cytosine

ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 36TOP:Nucleic acids

31.The nitrogen atom has a total of seven electrons. To have a full outer energy level, it would have to

A.	add one electron	C.	add three electrons
B.	lose one electron	D.	lose two electrons

ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 27

TOP: Atoms

32.Which type of chemical bond does not result in the formation of a new molecule?

A.	hydrogen bond
B.	ionic bond
C.	covalent bond
D.	None of the above; all chemical bonds result in the formation of a new molecule.

ANS:APTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 30TOP:Hydrogen bonds

TRUE/FALSE

1.Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Levels of chemical organization

2.The mass of an atom is determined by the total number of protons and electrons.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

3.The two subatomic particles found in the nucleus of the atom are protons and neutrons.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

4.A full atomic orbital always contains eight electrons.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 28 TOP: Atoms

5.The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons plus the number of electrons.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

6.The closer an orbital is to the nucleus of an atom, the higher its energy level.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 28 TOP: Atoms

7.An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has an atomic number of 11.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 27

TOP: Atoms

8.An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has an atomic mass of 21.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 27

TOP: Atoms

9.An atom with 11 protons, 12 neutrons, and 10 electrons has a +1 charge.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 27

TOP: Atoms

10.An element is a substance composed of only one type of atom.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 28TOP:Elements, molecules, and compounds

11.All molecules are not necessarily compounds.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 28

TOP:Elements, molecules, and compounds

12.Chemical bonds form when atoms share, donate, or borrow electrons.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 29TOP:Chemical bonding

13.Ionic bonds result from atoms sharing electrons.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 29 TOP: Ionic bonds

14.When an ionic compound is put into water, it dissociates into ions.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 29 TOP: Ionic bonds

15.Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share electrons.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 30TOP:Covalent bonds

16.When a covalent compound is put into water, it dissociates into ions.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 30TOP:Covalent bonds

17.For a compound to be considered an organic compound it must have a C-O or an H-O bond.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 31TOP:Inorganic chemistry

18.Water is the most abundant organic compound in the body.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 31 TOP: Water

19.The process of dehydration synthesis makes bigger molecules from smaller molecules.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 31 TOP: Water

20.The process of dehydration synthesis has water as one of its end products.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 31 TOP: Water

21.The process of hydrolysis has water as one of its end products.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 31 TOP: Water

22.One of the end products of hydrolysis would have one more hydrogen atom than it did at the beginning of the reaction.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 31

TOP: Water

23.Acids have a higher concentration of H⁺ ions than OH^– ions.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 32 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

24.Bases have a higher concentration of OH^– ions than H⁺ ions.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 32 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

25.A solution with a pH of 8 has more H⁺ ions than a solution with a pH of 4.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 32

TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

26.A solution with a pH of 5 has more H⁺ ions than a solution with a pH of 7.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 32

TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

27.A solution with a pH of 2 has 10 times the number of H⁺ ions than a solution with a pH of 3.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 32

TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

28.When a strong acid and a strong base react, one of the end products is water.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 32 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

29.A weak acid almost completely dissociates in water.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 32 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

30.When a strong acid and a strong base react, one of the end products is a salt.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 32 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

31.A buffer is a substance that resists a sudden change in pH.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 33 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

32.The basic unit of a carbohydrate is a monosaccharide.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 33TOP:Carbohydrates

33.A molecule of glucose is larger than a molecule of sucrose.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 33

TOP:Carbohydrates

34.Sucrose is an example of a disaccharide.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 33TOP:Carbohydrates

35.Glycogen and starch are both examples of polysaccharides.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 33TOP:Carbohydrates

36.The process of dehydration synthesis could be used to convert a monosaccharide into a disaccharide.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Synthesis REF: Page 31 | Page 33

TOP: Water and carbohydrates

37.Both fats and oils are lipids.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

38.A triglyceride contains two fatty acid molecules.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

39.A triglyceride contains a molecule of glycerol.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

40.Phospholipids contain three fatty acids.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

41.Phospholipids are important molecules in the cell membrane.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Pages 34-35 TOP: Lipids

42.Cholesterol is a steroid lipid.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 35 TOP: Lipids

43.Cholesterol contains two fatty acid molecules.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

44.Cholesterol is needed for the formation of several hormones in the body.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

45.The basic building block of proteins is nucleotides.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 35 TOP: Proteins

46.The basic building blocks of protein are held together by peptide bonds.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 35 TOP: Proteins

47.Structural proteins include collagen, keratin, and enzymes.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Pages 35-36 TOP: Proteins

48.Enzymes are functional proteins that act as chemical catalysts.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 36 TOP: Proteins

49.The basic building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotides.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 36TOP:Nucleic acids

50.The DNA and RNA molecules are the same except the DNA has thymine and the RNA molecule has uracil.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 36

TOP:Nucleic acids

51.The nitrogen bases adenine, guanine, and cytosine can be found in both RNA and DNA.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 36TOP:Nucleic acids

52.One difference between DNA and RNA is the type of sugar found in the nucleotides.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 36TOP:Nucleic acids

53.The smallest unit of matter is the electron.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Levels of chemical organization

54.The oxygen atom has a total of eight electrons. That means it has six electrons in its outer energy level.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Analysis REF: Page 27

TOP: Atoms

55.The number of electrons in the outer energy level of an atom determines how it behaves chemically.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

56.The formula for glucose is C₆H₁₂O₆. This indicates that there are 24 atoms in a molecule of glucose.

ANS: T PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 28

TOP:Elements, molecules, and compounds

57.The electrolyte most often formed by magnesium (Mg) is Mg⁺⁺. This shows that the ion has two more electrons than protons.

ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Application REF: Page 30

TOP: Ionic bonds

58.Water is the most common solute in the human body.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 31 TOP: Water

59.Both sucrose and lactose are examples of disaccharides.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 33TOP:Carbohydrates

60.Fats tend to be solids at room temperature.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

61.Both cholesterol and phospholipids are involved in the structure of the cell membrane.

ANS:TPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

62.The lock-and-key model describes how two strands of DNA are able to join so precisely to form a double helix.

ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 36 TOP: Proteins

MATCHING

Match each part of the atom with its corresponding description.

A.	protons	C.	electrons
B.	neutrons	D.	both protons and neutrons

1.part of the atom that is found in the nucleus

2.part of the atom that is found in orbitals around the nucleus

3.part of the atom that gives an atom its atomic number

4.part of the atom that when combined with the proton gives the atom its atomic mass

1.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

2.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

3.ANS:APTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

4.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

Match each organic compound with its corresponding description.

A.	carbohydrates	E.	proteins
B.	triglycerides	F.	RNA
C.	phospholipids	G.	DNA
D.	cholesterol

5.compound whose basic unit is a monosaccharide

6.nucleic acid that contains the nitrogen base uracil

7.lipid that is used to make hormones such as estrogen and testosterone

8.nucleic acid that contains the nitrogen base thymine

9.lipid that is composed of a molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids

10.lipid that has two fatty acids and is important in the cell membrane

11.an enzyme

5.ANS:APTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 33TOP:Carbohydrates

6.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 36TOP:Nucleic acids

7.ANS:DPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

8.ANS:GPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 36TOP:Nucleic acids

9.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

10.ANS:CPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 34 TOP: Lipids

11.ANS:EPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 35 TOP: Proteins

Match each term with its corresponding description or definition.

A.	nucleus	G.	covalent bonds
B.	ionic bond	H.	orbitals
C.	atomic mass	I.	hydrolysis
D.	compound	J.	dehydration synthesis
E.	electrolyte	K.	acid
F.	atomic number	L.	base

12.part of the atom in which electrons are found

13.equal to the number of protons an atom has

14.molecules that form ions when dissolved in water

15.process by which reactants combine only after hydrogen and oxygen atoms have been removed

16.compound that produces H⁺ ions

17.part of the atom in which protons are found

18.bond formed by the attraction of atoms or molecules that have opposite charges

19.compound that produces OH^– ions

20.equal to the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

21.process by which water is used to make smaller molecules form larger molecules

22.bond that is formed when electrons are shared

23.a molecule that contains more than one type of atom

12.ANS:HPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

13.ANS:FPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

14.ANS:EPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 30 TOP: Ionic bonds

15.ANS:JPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 31 TOP: Water

16.ANS:KPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 32 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

17.ANS:APTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

18.ANS:BPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 30 TOP: Ionic bonds

19.ANS:LPTS:1DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 32 TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

20.ANS:CPTS:0DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 27 TOP: Atoms

21.ANS:IPTS:0DIF:Memorization

REF: Page 31 TOP: Water

22.ANS:GPTS:0DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 30TOP:Covalent bonds

23.ANS:DPTS:0DIF:Memorization

REF:Page 28TOP:Elements, molecules, and compounds

SHORT ANSWER

1.Name the three parts of the atom and give a description of each.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 27

TOP: Atoms

2.Explain how an ionic bond forms.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 30

TOP: Ionic bonds

3.Explain how a covalent bond forms.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 30

TOP:Covalent bonds

4.Explain the processes of dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 31

TOP: Water

5.Describe the difference between an acid solution and a base solution in terms of the amount and types of ions in each.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 32

TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

6.Explain the relationship among H⁺  ion concentration, OH^– ion concentration, and pH.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 32

TOP: Acids, bases, and salts

7.Describe the structure of carbohydrates and explain their use in the body.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 33

TOP:Carbohydrates

8.Describe the three types of lipids and give the function of each.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 34

TOP: Lipids

9.Describe the structure of a protein and give examples of a structural protein and a functional protein.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 35

TOP: Proteins

10.Explain the structure of a nucleic acid and list the differences between RNA and DNA.

ANS:

Answers will vary.

PTS: 1 DIF: Memorization REF: Page 36

TOP:Nucleic acids