Test Bank For The Good Earth Introduction to Earth Science 4Th Edition By David

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Test Bank For The Good Earth Introduction to Earth Science 4Th Edition By David

Chapter 03 Test bank: Near-Earth Objects

Student: _______________________________________________________________________________________

1. What are the likely consequences if a 200 m asteroid struck the center of a 3 million-person city?

A. less than 10 percent of the city destroyed

B. about 50 percent of the city destroyed

C. near complete destruction

2. Where do most asteroids originate?

A. between Mars and Jupiter

B. between the moon and Mars

C. from the Kuiper belt

3. Which type of NEO explodes in the atmosphere before reaching the Earth’s surface?

A. asteroid

B. meteorite

C. bolide

4. What comprises a comet?

A. ice

B. rock

C. both ice and rock

5. How do we know where comets come from?

A. Those that come from the Kuiper belt are composed of slightly different materials than those from the Oort cloud.

B. The comets from the Oort cloud don’t produce a tail, but those from the Kuiper belt do.

C. The comets from the Oort cloud travel at much greater velocities than those from the Kuiper belt.

D. The comets from either location have a trajectory or pathway that can be traced back to their starting point once we see them.

E. Astronomers only guess where these comets come from – they don’t know for sure.

6. ______________ is name given to NEO’s composed of rocky and/or metallic material that are best described as

A. Comets; dirty snowballs that are vaporized by the solar wind as they get near the sun.

B. Meteorites; small clumps of cosmic material that originated in the Oort cloud.

C. Asteroids; small chunks of rock knocked loose from a belt between Mars and Jupiter.

D. Bolides; space debris that bounces off of other stuff in space.

E. None of these choices are correct.

7. Most meteors that strike the Earth’s atmosphere

A. pass through the atmosphere and commonly land in the ocean.

B. commonly burn up in the atmosphere and never reach the ground.

C. pass through the atmosphere and commonly land on continents.

D. are from the Oort cloud as determined from their chemical composition.

E. are from comets that passed too close to the earth and broke up into little pieces.

8. Earth was constructed by the accumulation of material similar to that of many asteroids, meteors and comets.

True    False

 Use the following diagram to answer this question.

 

9. These have orbiting satellites.

A. Comets only

B. Comets and asteroids

C. Asteroids only

D. Neither asteroids nor comets

10. Most orbit between Mars and Jupiter.

A. Comets only

B. Comets and asteroids

C. Asteroids only

D. Neither asteroids nor comets

11. Short period versions of these objects come from the Kuiper belt.

A. Comets only

B. Comets and asteroids

C. Asteroids only

D. Neither asteroids nor comets

12. Long period versions of this come from the Oort cloud.

A. Comets only

B. Comets and asteroids

C. Asteroids only

D. Neither asteroids nor comets

13. These are known to pass close to Earth.

A. Comets only

B. Comets and asteroids

C. Asteroids only

D. Neither asteroids nor comets

14. These are mostly made of rock and/or metal.

A. Comets only

B. Comets and asteroids

C. Asteroids only

D. Neither asteroids nor comets

15. These may have been responsible for bringing water to Earth.

A. Comets only

B. Comets and asteroids

C. Asteroids only

D. Neither comets nor asteroids

16. How is the following paragraph consistent with the nature of science?
This is an excerpt from the NASA NEO website. “As is often the case, the possibility of future Earth impacts for some near-Earth objects cannot be entirely ruled out until the uncertainties associated with their trajectories are reduced as a result of either future position observations, or in this case, heretofore unrecognized, pre-discovery observations. When these additional observations were used to update the orbit of 2004 MN4, the uncertainties associated with this object’s future positions in space were reduced to such an extent that none of the object’s possible trajectories can impact the Earth (or Moon) in 2029.”

A. Science relies on empirical observations. 

B. Science is tentative. 

C. Science is limited by technology. 

D. All of the choices are correct. 

E. None of the choices are correct. 

 Complete the concept map displayed below by selecting the correct response from the answers provided.

 

17. Complete the concept map by selecting the correct response from the answers provided for number 1. 

A. Bodies 

B. Comets 

C. Meteorites 

18. Complete the concept map by selecting the correct response from the answers provided for number 2. 

A. Mars and Jupiter 

B. Jupiter and Neptune 

C. Earth and Mars 

19. Complete the concept map by selecting the correct response from the answers provided for number 3. 

A. Kuiper Belt 

B. Oort Cloud 

C. Outside the solar system 

20. Complete the concept map by selecting the correct response from the answers provided for number 4. 

A. Jupiter 

B. Mars 

C. Earth 

21. Complete the concept map by selecting the correct response from the answers provided for number 5. 

A. Ice and rock 

B. Dust 

C. Iron and nickel 

22. Complete the concept map by selecting the correct response from the answers provided for number 6.

A. Ice and rock

B. Dust

C. Iron and nickel

23. Does the Torino scale have a category for meteorites?

A. No, they are too small to cause damage.

B. No, most burn up in the atmosphere.

C. Yes, they are included in level 0.

D. Yes, they are included in level 10.

24. Suppose you were tasked to evaluate the damage risk posed by a comet that was headed toward earth. Based on what you know about the average properties of comets, how would you evaluate the risk variables of density and speed for such a comet (as compared to other NEO’s)?

A. High risk due to the density, low risk due to the average speed.

B. High risk due to the density, high risk due to the average speed.

C. Low risk due to the density, low risk due to the average speed.

D. Low risk due to the density, high risk due to the average speed.

25. Think about the orbits of Kuiper belt comets, Oort cloud comets and asteroids. Place them in order from longest to shortest average amount of time required for each of them to orbit the sun.

A. Kuiper belt, Oort cloud, asteroid

B. Oort cloud, Kuiper belt, asteroid

C. Asteroid, Kuiper belt, Oort cloud

 ,  

26. Use the Venn Diagram for composition of NEOs to answer this question. Which letter corresponds to rock and/or dust material?

A. A 

B. B 

C. C 

D. D 

27. Use the Venn Diagram for composition of NEOs to answer this question. Which letter corresponds to abundant metallic material?

A. A

B. B

C. C

D. D

28. How large would an asteroid have to be to generate an impact crater the size of the Chicxulub crater?

A. 2 kilometers in diameter 

B. 20 kilometers in diameter 

C. 200 kilometers in diameter 

29. What scale predicts the potential threat posed by an asteroid impact?

A. Richter scale 

B. Torino scale 

C. Fujita scale 

D. Mercalli scale 

30. Many things can happen when a large NEO strikes earth. Consider only ejecta for a moment. How and why would ejecta affect short term climate (over a few months)?

A. Raise global temperatures by trapping solar energy. 

B. Lower global temperatures by blocking solar energy. 

C. Ejecta would have no affect on earth’s solar energy. 

31. How long have asteroids been striking Earth?

A. During the last million years of geologic time 

B. During the last 100 million years of geologic time 

C. During the last billion years of geologic time 

D. Since Earth formed 

32. Which impact is thought to be responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs?

A. Tunguska 

B. Meteor Crater 

C. Chicxulub 

D. Chelyabinsk 

33. Asteroids large enough to destroy most life on Earth have been documented to strike the planet in the past. 

True    False

34. Comets have actually been observed striking a planet in our solar system. 

True    False

35. Complex and simple craters have a central peak. 

True    False

36. We may be able to prevent an asteroid impact. 

True    False

37. There are currently no known asteroids with a Torino scale rating 3 or above. 

True    False

38. Most comet orbits are shorter than most asteroids orbits. 

True    False

39. A fellow classmate hands you a rock that they claim is a meteorite. What characteristics would you look for in order to confirm that the rock really is a meteorite?

A. A dark, smooth surface

B. Attracts a magnet

C. Heavy

D. All are correct

E. None of the choices are correct

40. Most asteroids in the inner solar system were discovered by the year 1900. 

True    False