Test Bank For American Corrections 11th Edition by Todd R. Clear

True / False

1. ​The Pennsylvania System focused on the isolation of inmates and serving penance.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   True

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

2. ​English trends and practices greatly influenced American corrections.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   True

REFERENCES:   The Colonial Period

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

3. ​The Auburn System focused on a congregate system of operations.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   True

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

4. ​Social and political values greatly influence correctional thought and practices.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   True

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary
The Development of Prisons in the South and West

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

5. ​The positivist school looked to free will and rational thought as the reason for crime.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   False

REFERENCES:   The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

6. ​The original penitentiary relied on penance and contemplation as the means for the criminal offender to move from sin toward perfection.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   True

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

7. ​Within 40 years of their initiation, penitentiaries had become overcrowded, understaffed, and minimally financed.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   True

REFERENCES:   The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

8. ​Correctional practices, especially the use of the penitentiary, developed similarly across the United States.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   False

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary
The Development of Prisons in the South and West

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

9. ​Corrections based on the assumption that criminal behavior can be treated is known as the crime control model.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   False

REFERENCES:   The Crime Control Model: The Pendulum Swings Again

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.07 – Describe the forces and events that led to the present crime control model.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

10. ​The ideas of inmate classification, parole, and rehabilitative programs were first created and put into practice at the Elmira Reformatory for boys.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   True

REFERENCES:   The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

11. ​Convict labor for profit became an essential part of the Pennsylvania penitentiary system throughout the early 1800s.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   False

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

12. ​The infamous Attica Prison Riot that took place in September 1971 at New York State’s Attica Correctional Facility aided and inspired the move toward a community corrections model.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   True

REFERENCES:   From Medical Model to Community Model

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.06 – Illustrate how the community model reflected the social and political values of the 1960s and 1970s.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

13. ​Not until the 1960s were there serious attempts made to implement the ideas of the medical model of corrections in the United States.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   False

REFERENCES:   The Rise of the Medical Model

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.05 – Discuss the assumptions of the medical model regarding the nature of criminal behavior and its correction.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

14. ​Incarceration, in the tradition of the early English workhouse, developed in the immediate aftermath of the American Revolutionary War.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   True

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

15. ​Until the early 1900s, Americans followed the European practice of relying on brutal forms of corporal punishment.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   False

REFERENCES:   The Colonial Period

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

16. ​The Progressives thought it necessary to know the life history of each offender in order to devise an appropriate treatment plan for that specific individual.

  a.  True

  b.  False

ANSWER:   True

REFERENCES:   The Rise of the Progressives

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

Multiple Choice

17. ​The country that gave the world its first penitentiary is:

  a.  ​England.

  b.  ​France.

  c.  ​Egypt.

  d.  ​the United States.

ANSWER:   d

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

18. ​In New England, the Puritans maintained a society governed by what type of principles?

  a.  ​legalistic

  b.  ​religious

  c.  ​socialist

  d.  ​capitalist

ANSWER:   b

REFERENCES:   The Colonial Period

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.01 – Describe “The Great Law” of Pennsylvania and note its importance.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

19. ​The concept of separate confinement was introduced in several different locations; which one became the fullest expression of rehabilitation through separate confinement?

  a.  ​Potomac, Maryland

  b.  ​Auburn, New York

  c.  ​Trenton, New Jersey

  d.  ​Cherry Hill, Pennsylvania

ANSWER:   d

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

20. ​Many ideas that arose from the Enlightenment fostered the thinking that crime is caused by:

  a.  ​human nature.

  b.  ​forces in the environment.

  c.  ​biology.

  d.  ​sin.

ANSWER:   b

REFERENCES:   The Reformatory Movement

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.03 – Discuss the elements of the Cincinnati Declaration.
ACOR.CLEA.16.03.04 – Understand the reforms advocated by the Progressives.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

21. ​The       was a penitentiary system developed in Pennsylvania in which each inmate was held in isolation from other inmates.

  a.  ​congregate system

  b.  ​assemble system

  c.  ​separate confinement system

  d.  ​segregated confinement system

ANSWER:   c

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember

22. ​The “congregate” system of prison discipline was first instituted at the:

  a.  ​Walnut Street Jail.

  b.  ​Sing Sing Penitentiary.

  c.  ​Eastern Penitentiary.

  d.  ​Auburn Penitentiary.

ANSWER:   d

REFERENCES:   The Arrival of the Penitentiary

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:   ACOR.CLEA.16.03.02 – Distinguish the basic assumptions of the penitentiary systems of Pennsylvania and New York.

KEYWORDS:   Bloom’s: Remember