Test Bank For Adult Development and Aging The Canadian Experience by Lori Harper

Description

Test Bank For Adult Development and Aging The Canadian Experience by Lori Harper

CHAPTER 3: Physical Changes Associated with Aging

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Dr. Otto believes that aging is dependent on a biological clock. Which type of theory of aging does Dr. Otto support?

a. a programmed theory of aging

b. a cellular theory of aging

c. an error theory of aging

d. a free radical theory of aging

ANS: A

RAT: Programmed theories of aging suggest that aging is genetically programmed to occur with the passage of time.

REF: p. 46 Physical Changes with Aging: Old and New Concepts 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply 

2. Which of the following describes the proposition in the Hayflick limit?

a. aging is genetically programmed to occur with the passage of time

b. cells can divide only a finite number of times

c. cells can tolerate only a certain amount of environmental damage before they die

d. restricting the number of calories consumed can reduce the harmful effects of aging

ANS: B

RAT: The Hayflick limit suggests that adult cells can divide only approximately 20 times.

REF: p. 46 Physical Changes with Aging: Old and New Concepts

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

3. Which of the following is MOST closely associated with error theories of aging?

a. telomeres

b. the Hayflick limit

c. free radicals

d. the biological clock

ANS: C

RAT: Free radical theory is an example of an error theory of aging.

REF: p. 46 Physical Changes with Aging: Old and New Concepts 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

4. Proponents of calorie restriction suggest eating what percent fewer calories than recommended can increase longevity and lower the risk for cancer and other diseases?

a. 15 to 20%

b. 20 to 25%

c. 25 to 30%

d. 30 to 35%

ANS: D

RAT: Eating 25 to 30% fewer than the recommended number of calories through the consumption of nutrient-dense foods is believed by many to increase longevity and prevent disease.

REF: p. 46 Physical Changes with Aging: Old and New Concepts 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

5. Anna is 70 years old. She has recently developed Type 2 diabetes as a result of her diet and low levels of physical activity. Developing Type 2 diabetes in this way exemplifies which type of aging?

a. primary aging

b. secondary aging

c. tertiary aging

d. intrinsic aging

ANS: B

RAT: Secondary aging includes preventable aspects of aging, including age-related disease that results from a poor diet.

REF: p. 46 Physical Changes with Aging: Old and New Concepts 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

6. Gerald is 75 years old and his hearing is failing. Gerald’s hearing loss is MOST likely the result of which type of aging?

a. primary aging

b. secondary aging

c. tertiary aging

d. extrinsic aging

ANS: A

RAT: Primary aging is defined as the gradual and inevitable process of body deterioration that leads to changes such as impaired vision and hearing.

REF: p. 46 Physical Changes with Aging: Old and New Concepts 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

7. Which of the following results from intrinsic aging of the skin?

a. thickening of the skin

b. actinic keratosis

c. wrinkles

d. reduced elasticity

ANS: D

RAT: Intrinsic changes occur in all people to some extent. Two intrinsic changes include thinning of the skin and reduced elasticity of the skin.

REF: p. 48 Changes in Skin with Age 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

8. Margot is 80 years old and her skin looks much different than it did when she was 40 years old. She has brown patches, deep wrinkles, reduced elasticity, and her skin is very thin. Which aspects of her skin changes are due to extrinsic aging?

a. brown patches and deep wrinkles

b. deep wrinkles and reduced elasticity

c. reduced elasticity and thin skin

d. thin skin and brown patches

ANS: A

RAT: Extrinsic aging of the skin is preventable and results in wrinkles, brown patches, a rough appearance, and actinic keratosis.

REF: p. 48 Changes in Skin with Age 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

9. What is currently the MOST common type of cancer?

a. breast cancer

b. liver cancer

c. skin cancer

d. colon cancer

ANS: C

RAT: Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer and can be prevented with proper use of sunscreens that block UVA and UVB rays. 

REF: p. 48 Changes in Skin with Age 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember 

10. Which of the following would a 70-year-old woman with presbyphonia have in comparison to when she was 40 years old?

a. a lower pitched voice 

b. a higher pitched voice 

c. worse perception of high frequency tones 

d. worse perception of lower frequency tones 

ANS: A

RAT: Presbyphonia is a term that describes changes in the voice due to aging. In general, women’s voices become lower and men’s voices become higher as a result of presbyphonia.

REF: p. 53 Changes in Voice with Age

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

11. Mei-Ling is an Asian Canadian and has just started to notice grey hair around her temples. Mei-Ling is MOST likely around what age?

a. 25 years old

b. 35 years old 

c. 45 years old

d. 55 years old

ANS: C

RAT: Asians and people of African descent tend to first notice grey hair when they are in their 40s. Caucasians tend to notice their first grey hair when they are in their 30s.

REF: p. 53 Changes in Hair with Age 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

12. Androgenetic alopecia is another term for which of the following?

a. age spots

b. age-related hair loss

c. age-related voice changes

d. age-related vision loss

ANS: B

RAT: Also known as male pattern baldness, androgenic alopecia affects 80% of men over age 70.

REF: p. 53 Changes in Hair with Age 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

13. Problems seeing in dim light and difficulty with dark adaptation as a person ages are the result of changes to which part of the eye? 

a. retina

b. pupil

c. cornea

d. fovea

ANS: B

RAT: The pupil becomes smaller and less responsive with age, leading to difficulty seeing in dim light and difficulty with dark adaptation.

REF: p. 54 Changes in Vision with Normal Aging and Due to Disease 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

14. What is presbyopia?

a. male pattern baldness

b. age-related loss of elasticity in the eye lens

c. thickening of the skin

d. age-related hearing loss

ANS: B

RAT: Presbyopia is a loss of elasticity in the lens of the eye that is part of the normal aging process.

REF: p. 54 Changes in Vision with Normal Aging and Due to Disease

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

15. Simone’s doctor told her that she has abnormal blood vessels growing behind her retina. What condition are these abnormal blood vessels a symptom of?

a. wet age-related macular degeneration

b. cataracts

c. presbyopia

d. glaucoma

ANS: A

RAT: Wet age-related macular degeneration is a source of vision loss caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina.

REF: p. 54 Changes in Vision with Normal Aging and Due to Disease 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

16. Most presbycusis is caused by damage to which of the following?

a. lens

b. cochlea

c. eardrum

d. retina

ANS: B

RAT: Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss; most age-related hearing loss results from degeneration of the cochlea and other inner ear structures.

REF: p. 57 Changes in Hearing with Age 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand

17. Martin has age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Which of the following spoken words will he have the MOST trouble understanding?

a. can

b. soft

c. bull

d. red

ANS: B

RAT: People with AHRL have difficulty with high frequency, high pitched sounds like s, z, t, f, and g. This makes words like “soft” difficult to understand.

REF: p. 57 Changes in Hearing with Age

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

18. Which of the following is MOST closely associated with cognitive decline and dementia?

a. age-related macular degeneration

b. glaucoma

c. conductive hearing loss

d. age-related hearing loss

ANS: D

RAT: As the severity of AHRL increases the risk of developing dementia also increases.

REF: p. 57 Changes in Hearing with Age 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Remember

19. Hassan is a 72-year-old man who has become depressed and socially withdrawn over the past ten years. Which of the following is MOST likely to be related to Hassan’s depression and social withdrawal? 

a. androgenetic alopecia

b. presbycusis

c. presbyphonia

d. presbyopia

ANS: B

RAT: Untreated hearing loss including presbycusis often results in an individual feeling cut off from social activities, which leads to depression.

REF: p. 57 Changes in Hearing with Age 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Apply

20. Dr. Rutherford is researching predictors of death. He has found that people with which condition are three times more likely to die than those who do not have the condition?

a. age-related macular degeneration

b. age-related hearing loss

c. anosmia

d. glaucoma

ANS: C

RAT: Researchers believe that the olfactory system is closely linked to overall physiological health, thus explaining why people with anosmia are more likely to die.

REF: p. 62 Changes in Taste and Smell with Age 

BLM: Bloom’s Taxonomy: Understand