Foundations Of Mental Health Care 4e by Morrison-Valfre – Test Bank

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Foundations Of Mental Health Care 4e by Morrison-Valfre – Test Bank

Morrison-Valfre: Foundations of Mental Health Care, 4^th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 1: The History of Mental Health Care

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. The belief of the ancient Greek philosopher Plato that the rational soul controlled the irrational soul could be compared with the belief of the more recent psychological theorist:

a.	Freud
b.	Pinel
c.	Fisher
d.	Rush

ANS: A

Sigmund Freud believed that mental illness was, in part, caused by forces both within and outside the personality. Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of mentally ill individuals as human beings in need of medical assistance. Alice Fisher was a Florence Nightingale nurse who cared for the mentally ill, and Dr. Benjamin Rush was the author of the book, Diseases of the Mind.

DIF:Cognitive Level: ComprehensionREF:Page 5 | Page 6

OBJ:2TOP:Early Years of Mental Health

KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

2. If a person’s behaviors interfere with daily activities, impair her judgment, or alter her perception of reality, this person is considered to be:

a.	Confused
b.	Disoriented
c.	Mentally healthy
d.	Mentally ill

ANS: D

Mentally ill individuals cannot perform activities of daily living easily, nor do they have good judgment or perceive things realistically. Confused and disoriented people differ from mentally ill people in that they typically are not oriented to who they are, where they are, or the general time frame. Mentally healthy individuals are able to perform activities of daily living, to problem solve, and to adapt to change, and they are in touch with reality.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Comprehension REF: Page 1 OBJ: 1

TOP: Mental Illness KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment

MSC:Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

3. During the mid-1500s, behaviors associated with mental illness were more accurately recorded by professionals. This practice led to ______________ for different abnormal behaviors.

a.	Classifications
b.	Diagnosing
c.	Treatment
d.	Education

ANS: A

Classification of abnormal behaviors did not begin until this time, after the practice of more accurate recording of behaviors was begun. Diagnoses, treatment guidelines, and any education regarding mental health disorders were not available during this period.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 3 OBJ: 3

TOP:Mental Illness During the Renaissance

KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

4. During the latter part of the eighteenth century, psychiatry became a separate branch of medicine, and inhumane treatment was greatly diminished by the French hospital director:

a.	Dix
b.	Beers
c.	Pinel
d.	Carter

ANS: C

Philippe Pinel advocated acceptance of the mentally ill, as well as proper treatment. Dorothea Dix crusaded for construction of mental health hospitals. Clifford Beers wrote the book, A Mind That Found Itself. President Jimmy Carter established the President’s Commission on Mental Health in 1978.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 4 OBJ: 4

TOP:Mental Illness in the Eighteenth Century

KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

5. In 1841, _______________ surveyed asylums, jails, and almshouses throughout the United States, Canada, and Scotland and is credited with bringing about public awareness and reform for the care of the mentally ill.

a.	Sigmund Freud
b.	John Cade
c.	Florence Nightingale
d.	Dorothea Dix

ANS: D

Dorothea Dix spent 20 years surveying facilities that housed mentally ill individuals and is credited with major changes in the care of the mentally ill. Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of psychoanalysis, John Cade discovered lithium carbonate for the treatment of bipolar disorder, and Florence Nightingale trained nurses in England in the 1800s.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 5 OBJ: 4

TOP:Mental Illness in the Nineteenth Century

KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

6. As a direct result of Clifford Beers’ work and book, A Mind That Found Itself, the Committee for Mental Hygiene was formed in 1909 with a focus on prevention of mental illness and:

a.	Early detection of symptoms of mental illness
b.	Education of caregivers
c.	Current treatment options
d.	Removing the stigma attached to mental illness

ANS: D

Clifford Beers’ book reflected on his attempt at suicide followed by the deplorable care he received for the next 3 years in mental hospitals. Beers’ work and book raised the consciousness of people throughout the country regarding prevention and removal of the stigma of having a mental illness. Early detection of symptoms, education of caregivers, and current treatment options regarding mental illness were not the focus of his book, nor were they a priority for the Committee for Mental Hygiene.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 5 OBJ: 4

TOP:Mental Illness in the Twentieth Century

KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

7. In the early 1900s, the neurophysiologist Sigmund Freud is credited with introducing which concept?

a.	Psychoanalysis
b.	Insanity
c.	Lunacy
d.	Mental illness

ANS: A

Psychoanalysis is the observation of and theory behind how mental illness occurs. Insanity, lunacy, and mental illness are terms that are considered synonyms.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 5 OBJ: 5

TOP:Mental Illness in the Twentieth Century

KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

8. During the 1930s, what common treatment for schizophrenia caused clients to fall into a coma that could last as long as 50 hours?

a.	Electroconvulsive therapy
b.	Insulin therapy
c.	Humoral therapy
d.	Amphetamine therapy

ANS: B

Insulin therapy was believed to successfully treat schizophrenia in the early 1900s. Amphetamines were used to treat depression, and electroconvulsive therapy was used for severe depression. Humoral therapy, which originated in ancient Greece and Rome, was a belief that mental illness resulted from an imbalance of the humors of air, fire, water, and earth.

DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: Page 6 OBJ: 5

TOP:Influences of War on Mental Health Therapies

KEY: Nursing Process Step: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity