ATI Anatomy and Physiology Proctored Exam. Questions and Answers. Latest 2020-2021

1. What bone is a component of the appendicular skeleton?

   ANS: Symphysis pubis

2. What can cause black stools?

   ANS: High levels of iron or upper GI bleed

3. What cardiac valve prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart?

   ANS: Aortic Valve

4. What causes black heads?

   ANS: Sebum that traps dirt in the pores

5. What cells are responsible for destruction of old cells and invasive organisms?

   ANS: Macrophages through phagocytosis

6. What determines skin color

   ANS: Melanin in melanocytes

7. What does the respiratory system eliminate when there is an excess of hydrogen ions in the body?

   ANS: Carbon Dioxide

8. What do phagocytes do?

   ANS: Engulf foreign particles in the blood stream

9. What dysfunction causes yellow sclera?

   ANS: Jaundice, elevated bilirubin

10. What function is associated with the dermal layer of the skin?

ANS: Collagen formation

11. What gland has both endocrine and exocrine functions?

ANS: Pancreas

12. What happens to cells in hypertonic solution?

ANS: Cell shrivels and dies; absorbs more salt

13. What happens to cells in isotonic solution?

ANS: Cells are normal. Equal amounts of salt and fluid

14. What happens to cells in hypotonic solution?

ANS: Cells enlarge and burst; cell absorbs more fluid and has less salt

15. What has to be present in the stomach in order for B12 absorption to occur?

ANS: Intrinsic factor (R Protein)

16. What electrolyte (ion) is the most abundant in extracellular fluid?

ANS: Sodium

17. What is associated with wound healing by PRIMARY intention?

ANS: Minimal Scar Tissue

18. What is a structure of the inner ear?

ANS: Cochlea

19. What is Cushions?

ANS: Hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex, primal cortisol. Trunk of the body is large and extremeties are thin, skin and bones are fragile

20. What is function of surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs?

ANS: Increase surface area; Prevent collapse

21. What is the conduction pathway?

ANS: SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Right & Left Bundle Branches, Perkinje Fibers

22. What structure is located at the end of the ear canal vibrates when the sound waves strike it?

ANS: Tympanic Membrane

23. What is the function of the ureters

ANS: To conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladders

24. What is the general pathway of blood through the heart?

ANS: Superior vena cava, Right atrium, Tricuspid valve, Right Ventricle, Pulmonary Semi- lunar valve, Pulmonary arteries, Lungs, Pulmonary veins, Left atrium, Bicuspid valve, Left ventricle, Aortic valve, Aorta, Coronary vessels, Body

25. What is the largest vessel of the body?

ANS: Aorta

26. What is the order of the protective menigeal layers of the brain from inside out

ANS: Pia mater, Arachnoid mater, Dura mater

27. What is the pacemaker of the heart?

ANS: SA node

28. What is the primary result of the pancreatic dysfunction?

ANS: Elevated Blood Sugar

29. Site of sperm maturation in the male reproductive system

ANS: Epididymis

30. What may indicate hyper-secretion of thyroid hormones?

ANS: Weight Loss